Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 13 4 2023 01 21 Assessing Citizens' Attitudes Toward Security in Cyberspace with a Passive Defense Approach (Case Study: Damghan) Assessing Citizens' Attitudes Toward Security in Cyberspace with a Passive Defense Approach (Case Study: Damghan) 39 53 207593 FA Ali Akbar Taghipour Department of Geography , Faculty of Geoscience, University of Damghan, Damghan, Iran. 0000-0001-5672-9667 Abolfazl Mashayekhi urban planning, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran Parsa Ahmadi Dehrashid Undergraduate Student of Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran 0000-0001-9117-453X Journal Article 2022 04 10 The development  of technology has made the Internet an integral part of human life. Social media users move a significant amount of their information daily in this way. The passive defense approach seeks to reduce natural and unnatural hazards for citizens by minimizing potential harm.  This study aims to assess the attitude of citizens towards security in cyberspace and seeks to answer the question of what are the effective components in creating risks for citizens in cyberspace. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the questionnaires were evaluated using linear regression method and the value of R is equal to 0.807 which indicates a high correlation between variables. Cyber risk analysis was evaluated in 5 factors: socio-cultural, social security, economic security, privacy and passive defense. Also, the effects of awareness variables, population, third party approach and keeping safe were done with Amos software, which showed that the effect of knowledge on third person approach and keeping safe with coefficients of 0.21 and 0.26 is very high. The index of dissemination of appropriate behaviors of citizens in the socio-cultural factor, unauthorized eavesdropping in the factor of privacy, destruction of service systems in the factor of social security and the suitability of cyberspace for economic growth have had the greatest impact on the factor of economic security.Examining the factor of passive defense also shows the lack of complete confidence in the news published in cyberspace and the possibility of deceiving public opinion The development  of technology has made the Internet an integral part of human life. Social media users move a significant amount of their information daily in this way. The passive defense approach seeks to reduce natural and unnatural hazards for citizens by minimizing potential harm.  This study aims to assess the attitude of citizens towards security in cyberspace and seeks to answer the question of what are the effective components in creating risks for citizens in cyberspace. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the questionnaires were evaluated using linear regression method and the value of R is equal to 0.807 which indicates a high correlation between variables. Cyber risk analysis was evaluated in 5 factors: socio-cultural, social security, economic security, privacy and passive defense. Also, the effects of awareness variables, population, third party approach and keeping safe were done with Amos software, which showed that the effect of knowledge on third person approach and keeping safe with coefficients of 0.21 and 0.26 is very high. The index of dissemination of appropriate behaviors of citizens in the socio-cultural factor, unauthorized eavesdropping in the factor of privacy, destruction of service systems in the factor of social security and the suitability of cyberspace for economic growth have had the greatest impact on the factor of economic security.Examining the factor of passive defense also shows the lack of complete confidence in the news published in cyberspace and the possibility of deceiving public opinion https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_207593_e74ae0a72a50a7b3abc7e25a5898741f.pdf