Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 08 15 Presenting a Strategy for the Localization of Smart Textiles Passive Defense Approach Presenting a Strategy for the Localization of Smart Textiles Passive Defense Approach 1 15 209174 FA Iman Soltani Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Hosein Fayazi College of Electroceramics & Electrical Engineering,Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran Aref Bali Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 09 05 It is very important to use smart textiles in military industries to protect personnel and analyze their situation. Smart textiles with high design capability, ease of production and diverse applications play a significant role in civilian defense against military attacks and natural disasters. In this article, the identification, introduction and prioritization of a set of strategies, capabilities and unarmed measures in the design and production of smart textiles with a passive defense approach have been discussed and investigated in order to increase Deterrence, reducing vulnerability, continuing essential activities, promoting national stability and facilitating crisis management in the face of enemy threats and military actions. For this purpose, at first, field research and distribution of SWOT questionnaire among 40 experts of the country in managerial, scientific, industrial and operational fields were used and DS+PESTEL model was used to include defense and security aspects. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed in SPSS software with Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. After analyzing the environmental factors, strategies have been extracted so that they can fulfill the five objectives of passive defense. The strategies were distributed based on a questionnaire based on the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method to evaluate the importance among the same sample as before, and finally, the prioritized strategies were extracted and explained according to the supply and localization of smart textiles. The obtained results show that the current situation was defensive. Among the prioritized strategies according to experts' opinions, 11 strong strategies were identified. According to the results, identifying and prioritizing the country's climatic strengths and weaknesses with the aim of using them in the design and production of smart textiles, optimizing and updating equipment related to the localization of smart textiles using emerging technologies and government investment for the localization of smart textiles The most important strategies are to achieve the goal. It is very important to use smart textiles in military industries to protect personnel and analyze their situation. Smart textiles with high design capability, ease of production and diverse applications play a significant role in civilian defense against military attacks and natural disasters. In this article, the identification, introduction and prioritization of a set of strategies, capabilities and unarmed measures in the design and production of smart textiles with a passive defense approach have been discussed and investigated in order to increase Deterrence, reducing vulnerability, continuing essential activities, promoting national stability and facilitating crisis management in the face of enemy threats and military actions. For this purpose, at first, field research and distribution of SWOT questionnaire among 40 experts of the country in managerial, scientific, industrial and operational fields were used and DS+PESTEL model was used to include defense and security aspects. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed in SPSS software with Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. After analyzing the environmental factors, strategies have been extracted so that they can fulfill the five objectives of passive defense. The strategies were distributed based on a questionnaire based on the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method to evaluate the importance among the same sample as before, and finally, the prioritized strategies were extracted and explained according to the supply and localization of smart textiles. The obtained results show that the current situation was defensive. Among the prioritized strategies according to experts' opinions, 11 strong strategies were identified. According to the results, identifying and prioritizing the country's climatic strengths and weaknesses with the aim of using them in the design and production of smart textiles, optimizing and updating equipment related to the localization of smart textiles using emerging technologies and government investment for the localization of smart textiles The most important strategies are to achieve the goal.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209174_5bd4b045476b94a32740951470a89d32.pdf

Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 08 15 Rapid Assessment of Building Risk Based on the IRVS Method - A Case Study of a Student Dormitory Rapid Assessment of Building Risk Based on the IRVS Method - A Case Study of a Student Dormitory 17 26 209175 FA Mohammad Fayyaz Engineering Faculty - Ihu 0000-0002-2123-459X Milad Hossseyni Ihu- Civil Engineering Department Mahdi DehghanNejad Ivanki University, Iran. Journal Article 2023 07 10 Earthquakes in many parts of the world cause the collapse of buildings and the occurrence of damages and the resulting dangers; Therefore, it is necessary to assess the risk of the buildings and, if necessary, improve or retrofit them. In addition to earthquakes, other natural hazards such as floods and storms, as well as unnatural hazards such as explosions, chemical attacks, and fires may also threaten a building; Therefore, it is necessary to consider all the different aspects of the building's vulnerability in its risk assessment. Evaluation of structures is done in two fast (qualitative) and quantitative (analytical) methods. In qualitative evaluation methods, in a short period of time, buildings are quickly evaluated and classified in terms of vulnerability. In this research, a variety of quick risk calculation methods have been investigated. The integrated rapid visual survey IRVS method, which has the ability to calculate risk and resilience for all types of man-made threats and natural hazards, has been developed for the domestic conditions of the country, and its Persian software is written using the Python programming language. Read Excel. It also has the ability to offer options to reduce risk according to the user's desired risk. Earthquakes in many parts of the world cause the collapse of buildings and the occurrence of damages and the resulting dangers; Therefore, it is necessary to assess the risk of the buildings and, if necessary, improve or retrofit them. In addition to earthquakes, other natural hazards such as floods and storms, as well as unnatural hazards such as explosions, chemical attacks, and fires may also threaten a building; Therefore, it is necessary to consider all the different aspects of the building's vulnerability in its risk assessment. Evaluation of structures is done in two fast (qualitative) and quantitative (analytical) methods. In qualitative evaluation methods, in a short period of time, buildings are quickly evaluated and classified in terms of vulnerability. In this research, a variety of quick risk calculation methods have been investigated. The integrated rapid visual survey IRVS method, which has the ability to calculate risk and resilience for all types of man-made threats and natural hazards, has been developed for the domestic conditions of the country, and its Persian software is written using the Python programming language. Read Excel. It also has the ability to offer options to reduce risk according to the user's desired risk.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209175_bc786e2b95b55edaad5bb714dceb88f1.pdf

Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 08 15 Strategies to Enhance Resilience Against Economic Sanctions Against Iran as a Tool of Foreign Policy Strategies to Enhance Resilience Against Economic Sanctions Against Iran as a Tool of Foreign Policy 27 48 209176 FA Leila Zamanianfar Post-Doc Researcher in Accounting, Department of Accounting, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. 0000-0003-3646-5478 Yekta Pakniyat M.A in Finance and Banking, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran Shahrzad Seraj Department of Accounting, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 11 01 In general, the impact of sanctions on economic sectors is undeniably crucial in increasing deterrence and reducing negative effects on the country's economy. In addition, economic sanctions have negative effects by creating chaotic conditions and chaos in the economy, and then they increase public dissatisfaction. The effectiveness of sanctions is also dependent on the economic structure of the target country, so that no matter how unfavorable the economic conditions of the target country are, the effectiveness of sanctions increases. Given this importance, this study focuses on strategies to enhance resilience against economic sanctions against Iran as a tool of foreign policy. It delves into the impact of economic sanctions on Iran's economy, society, and regional influence, providing insights into their effectiveness and long-term consequences.Also, so far in the policy environment of the country, several interpretations of resilience and neutralization of sanctions have been presented. It also describes Iran's economic diplomacy against economic sanctions.The results of this study show that economic sanctions have had a significant impact on Iran's economy. The evidence shows a clear picture of the impact of sanctions on Iran's economic performance.Therefore, as a suitable solution, the role of Iran's economy in the world economy is redefined. In general, the impact of sanctions on economic sectors is undeniably crucial in increasing deterrence and reducing negative effects on the country's economy. In addition, economic sanctions have negative effects by creating chaotic conditions and chaos in the economy, and then they increase public dissatisfaction. The effectiveness of sanctions is also dependent on the economic structure of the target country, so that no matter how unfavorable the economic conditions of the target country are, the effectiveness of sanctions increases. Given this importance, this study focuses on strategies to enhance resilience against economic sanctions against Iran as a tool of foreign policy. It delves into the impact of economic sanctions on Iran's economy, society, and regional influence, providing insights into their effectiveness and long-term consequences.Also, so far in the policy environment of the country, several interpretations of resilience and neutralization of sanctions have been presented. It also describes Iran's economic diplomacy against economic sanctions.The results of this study show that economic sanctions have had a significant impact on Iran's economy. The evidence shows a clear picture of the impact of sanctions on Iran's economic performance.Therefore, as a suitable solution, the role of Iran's economy in the world economy is redefined.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209176_1f6fb00db85bd326f3271f1cd05c6032.pdf

Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 08 15 The Mapping Pattern of Quantum Technologies in Ict and Basic Electronic Missions of the Target Organization The Mapping Pattern of Quantum Technologies in Ict and Basic Electronic Missions of the Target Organization 49 59 209177 FA S. A Soleymani malek ashtar Mohammad Reza Karimi Ghohroodi Journal Article 2023 11 06 Today, one of the paradigms of the field of technology is quantum. A lot of research activities and international patents registration indicate that researchers are achieving quantum technologies at high speed. Expert surveys show that countries are trying to achieve quantum technologies with careful planning and focusing on creating scientific alliances. Certainly, the use of these technologies in the defense and non-defense sectors has opportunities and threats. Organizations are confused in the use of quantum technologies due to the complexity of knowledge and lack of knowledge of functional characteristics. In this paper, according to the functional characteristics and mission geography of the target organization, the quantum technologies that can be used in ICT and basic electronic missions were extracted with expert opinion. Then, a questionnaire of 76 questions (validity 0.638 and reliability 0.86) was prepared and sent to 27 people of the target community and questionnaire description sessions were held for the target community. At the end, completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. From their analysis, “The mapping pattern of quantum technologies in ICT and basic- electronic missions of the target organization” was obtained. Results of questionnaire analysis and expert meetings with research and operational experts at the level of the target organization, the five priorities, (1. Quantum key generator, quantum key distribution and quantum DAS system, 2. Quantum communication based on sending and receiving a single photon on optical fiber and FSO, 3. Quantum gyroscope and accelerometer, quantum sensor and quantum clock, 4. Quantum processor, 5. Communications based on entangled pair properties by optical fiber and FSO, quantum radar) were determined for the target organization. Today, one of the paradigms of the field of technology is quantum. A lot of research activities and international patents registration indicate that researchers are achieving quantum technologies at high speed. Expert surveys show that countries are trying to achieve quantum technologies with careful planning and focusing on creating scientific alliances. Certainly, the use of these technologies in the defense and non-defense sectors has opportunities and threats. Organizations are confused in the use of quantum technologies due to the complexity of knowledge and lack of knowledge of functional characteristics. In this paper, according to the functional characteristics and mission geography of the target organization, the quantum technologies that can be used in ICT and basic electronic missions were extracted with expert opinion. Then, a questionnaire of 76 questions (validity 0.638 and reliability 0.86) was prepared and sent to 27 people of the target community and questionnaire description sessions were held for the target community. At the end, completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. From their analysis, “The mapping pattern of quantum technologies in ICT and basic- electronic missions of the target organization” was obtained. Results of questionnaire analysis and expert meetings with research and operational experts at the level of the target organization, the five priorities, (1. Quantum key generator, quantum key distribution and quantum DAS system, 2. Quantum communication based on sending and receiving a single photon on optical fiber and FSO, 3. Quantum gyroscope and accelerometer, quantum sensor and quantum clock, 4. Quantum processor, 5. Communications based on entangled pair properties by optical fiber and FSO, quantum radar) were determined for the target organization.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209177_ae25d0a5985a06becb04c7ca9bb97300.pdf

Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 08 15 Improving Channel Access QoS using Application Scheduling in Internet of Things Improving Channel Access QoS using Application Scheduling in Internet of Things 61 73 209178 FA Omid Abedi Computer, Engineering department, Shahid Bahonar university of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 0000-0001-5454-6189 Mahdieh Ghazvini Kor Computer, Engineering, Shahid bahonar university of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 0000-0002-3647-2101 Fatemeh Ghodsi Compute engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2024 01 10 In recent years, we are constantly facing the increase of Internet of Things devices in the fields of health, agriculture, industry and other applications. The using of these networks will increase by improving the quality of service. Usually, data are generated heterogeneously by IoT’s sensors at different times with different sizes and priorities, and none of previous works in this field do not consider all these modes together; on the other hand, these studies either have worked on the queue model and priority package selection, or on the channel access methods and its prioritization. Therefore, in our proposed model in this paper, with the aim of improving quality of service, thight scheduling of delay-sensitive packets, and also avoiding starvation for lower priority packets, we consider an architecture including two levels of prioritization. In the first level, the packet is selected for sending based on a type of dynamic prioritization and relative to its delay deadline field. Since in this paper the application of Internet of Things in health care is considered, the sensors generate data both of modes, periodically (fixed) and on demand (critical), and therefore, two queue models D /G/1 and M/G/1 are used. In addition, the second level includes channel prioritization. At this level, by using a control channel and setting the waiting time of the sending node for listening to the channel, we have sending the packet through the control channel. Furthermore, a consolidated channel hopping model has been used for nodes to use the available bandwidth. Also, a buffer to keep the information of the last connection of the node helps to send and receive faster with less number of switching. After simulating and comparing this model with the 802.11 standard and similar media access protocols, significant improvements in increasing the packet delivery rate, operational throughput, and also reducing the end-to-end delay are showed. In recent years, we are constantly facing the increase of Internet of Things devices in the fields of health, agriculture, industry and other applications. The using of these networks will increase by improving the quality of service. Usually, data are generated heterogeneously by IoT’s sensors at different times with different sizes and priorities, and none of previous works in this field do not consider all these modes together; on the other hand, these studies either have worked on the queue model and priority package selection, or on the channel access methods and its prioritization. Therefore, in our proposed model in this paper, with the aim of improving quality of service, thight scheduling of delay-sensitive packets, and also avoiding starvation for lower priority packets, we consider an architecture including two levels of prioritization. In the first level, the packet is selected for sending based on a type of dynamic prioritization and relative to its delay deadline field. Since in this paper the application of Internet of Things in health care is considered, the sensors generate data both of modes, periodically (fixed) and on demand (critical), and therefore, two queue models D /G/1 and M/G/1 are used. In addition, the second level includes channel prioritization. At this level, by using a control channel and setting the waiting time of the sending node for listening to the channel, we have sending the packet through the control channel. Furthermore, a consolidated channel hopping model has been used for nodes to use the available bandwidth. Also, a buffer to keep the information of the last connection of the node helps to send and receive faster with less number of switching. After simulating and comparing this model with the 802.11 standard and similar media access protocols, significant improvements in increasing the packet delivery rate, operational throughput, and also reducing the end-to-end delay are showed.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209178_51643821ac5984f0a6ad47ced0066f57.pdf

Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 08 15 Presenting a Conceptual Model of Leveling Types of Threats in Security and Cyber Defense of Knowledge-Based Organizations in the Country Presenting a Conceptual Model of Leveling Types of Threats in Security and Cyber Defense of Knowledge-Based Organizations in the Country 75 100 209179 FA Alireza Alizadeh Soodmand Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 0009-0005-3607-7856 Kiamarth Fathi Hafeshjani Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8091-7967 Ashraf Shah Mansouri Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9265-4746 Abuzar Arab Sorkhi Research Assistant Professor, Security Research Institute, Communication and Information Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2932-6103 Journal Article 2024 01 23 In recent years, the rapid development of knowledge-based organizations and companies and the need to pay attention to all kinds of threats, attacks are considered as the most important factor in their development. Therefore, the survival of these organizations depends on the principle of leveling all types of threats and presenting a comprehensive conceptual model in these organizations. The main purpose of the research is to present a conceptual model of the leveling of various threats in the security and cyber defense of knowledge-based organizations in the country. The methodology of the above research is based on the type of research to provide a conceptual model, it has a practical aspect, according to the purpose, it is of a developmental-applicative type, considering the dimensions of the research that It deals with theoretical, functional and operational areas. This research is divided in terms of purpose (type of research in the category of applied-developmental research and in terms of research approach in the category of mixed quantitative and qualitative research). In the qualitative section, by referring to articles, books and research reports, upstream documents using the metacomposition method, dimensions, components and indicators of the conceptual model of leveling various types of cyber threats in cyber security and defense in knowledge-based organizations, the extraction and qualitative control of findings was carried out, based on the findings of the model An initial concept was formed and after evaluation with scientific methods and based on structural equation modeling, the proposed validation framework and the final conceptual model were presented. To identify the dimensions and components of the model by studying previous researches, theoretical literature as well as interviews with specialists and experts in this field, the dimensions and components were extracted, then to validate the dimensions and components from the survey method (a field from the statistical population of experts, experts) with tools The questionnaire was asked. After performing valid tests (factor analysis test), the dimensions and components of the model were confirmed. The results of the research findings showed that all the considered factors for each of the components have a factor load greater than 0.4; Therefore, they load well on the relevant dimensions, or in other words, the components of the subset of dimensions are related and form part of the model structures; Therefore, the components are interdependent with the dimensions and have a meaningful relationship. The presented conceptual model explained well the relationship between dimensions, components, and variables in order to stratify the types of threats in security and cyber defense of knowledge-based organizations. The calculation and analysis of the fit indices with the software Smart-PLS(4) also confirmed the conformity of the conceptual framework and the experimental background with the reality. In recent years, the rapid development of knowledge-based organizations and companies and the need to pay attention to all kinds of threats, attacks are considered as the most important factor in their development. Therefore, the survival of these organizations depends on the principle of leveling all types of threats and presenting a comprehensive conceptual model in these organizations. The main purpose of the research is to present a conceptual model of the leveling of various threats in the security and cyber defense of knowledge-based organizations in the country. The methodology of the above research is based on the type of research to provide a conceptual model, it has a practical aspect, according to the purpose, it is of a developmental-applicative type, considering the dimensions of the research that It deals with theoretical, functional and operational areas. This research is divided in terms of purpose (type of research in the category of applied-developmental research and in terms of research approach in the category of mixed quantitative and qualitative research). In the qualitative section, by referring to articles, books and research reports, upstream documents using the metacomposition method, dimensions, components and indicators of the conceptual model of leveling various types of cyber threats in cyber security and defense in knowledge-based organizations, the extraction and qualitative control of findings was carried out, based on the findings of the model An initial concept was formed and after evaluation with scientific methods and based on structural equation modeling, the proposed validation framework and the final conceptual model were presented. To identify the dimensions and components of the model by studying previous researches, theoretical literature as well as interviews with specialists and experts in this field, the dimensions and components were extracted, then to validate the dimensions and components from the survey method (a field from the statistical population of experts, experts) with tools The questionnaire was asked. After performing valid tests (factor analysis test), the dimensions and components of the model were confirmed. The results of the research findings showed that all the considered factors for each of the components have a factor load greater than 0.4; Therefore, they load well on the relevant dimensions, or in other words, the components of the subset of dimensions are related and form part of the model structures; Therefore, the components are interdependent with the dimensions and have a meaningful relationship. The presented conceptual model explained well the relationship between dimensions, components, and variables in order to stratify the types of threats in security and cyber defense of knowledge-based organizations. The calculation and analysis of the fit indices with the software Smart-PLS(4) also confirmed the conformity of the conceptual framework and the experimental background with the reality.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209179_3945c2619a6a3cb998c282d13665f1cc.pdf

Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 08 15 Locating and Organizing the Landscape around the Letian Dam in Tehran with a Sustainable Tourism Approach Locating and Organizing the Landscape around the Letian Dam in Tehran with a Sustainable Tourism Approach 101 111 209180 FA Hassan Borna DEPARTMENT Of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran 0001-0025-2476-8754 Nasim Sahraei Nejad Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 01 30 One of the natural attractions that people especially in big cities use as a resort are dams and lakes behind artificial dams and around them. Locating and organizing around Sedha Lake is one of the most important steps for planning towards sustainable tourism development. In this regard, Letian Dam Lake in the northeast of Tehran, as one of the beautiful tourist attractions, is for spending leisure time and provides a unique opportunity to attract tourists. At the same time, this complex lacks the facilities and facilities necessary for the presence of tourists and the development of sustainable tourism. In the current research, it has been tried to select and suggest the most suitable place for organizing and creating a recreational complex with a sustainable tourism approach by choosing the criteria and sub-criteria that are effective in locating. In this study, using the available resources and a survey of 16 experts in the field of water resources, environmental design and tourism planning, 11 criteria were determined and due to the difference in the influence of the indicators, using the hierarchical method (AHP) Pairwise comparison of the components was done and the final weight of each of them was calculated. Then, according to the number of criteria and the weight of sub-criteria, the required layers were prepared in the geographic information system (GIS) environment and analyzed and evaluated by overlaying the layers. The results of the integration of information layers, based on the degree of desirability, prioritized four areas as potential options for creating a tourism complex, and SWOT method was used to determine the best place among the four main areas. The score of each zone was determined based on the field visit and matching the maps obtained from the previous stage with the current situation of the studied area, as well as by considering the desired criteria and finally according to the opinion of the relevant experts, and by summarizing the results, a range was determined. In the southeast, the Sedeltian site was identified and suggested with 24 points as a suitable option for creating a sustainable tourism site. One of the natural attractions that people especially in big cities use as a resort are dams and lakes behind artificial dams and around them. Locating and organizing around Sedha Lake is one of the most important steps for planning towards sustainable tourism development. In this regard, Letian Dam Lake in the northeast of Tehran, as one of the beautiful tourist attractions, is for spending leisure time and provides a unique opportunity to attract tourists. At the same time, this complex lacks the facilities and facilities necessary for the presence of tourists and the development of sustainable tourism. In the current research, it has been tried to select and suggest the most suitable place for organizing and creating a recreational complex with a sustainable tourism approach by choosing the criteria and sub-criteria that are effective in locating. In this study, using the available resources and a survey of 16 experts in the field of water resources, environmental design and tourism planning, 11 criteria were determined and due to the difference in the influence of the indicators, using the hierarchical method (AHP) Pairwise comparison of the components was done and the final weight of each of them was calculated. Then, according to the number of criteria and the weight of sub-criteria, the required layers were prepared in the geographic information system (GIS) environment and analyzed and evaluated by overlaying the layers. The results of the integration of information layers, based on the degree of desirability, prioritized four areas as potential options for creating a tourism complex, and SWOT method was used to determine the best place among the four main areas. The score of each zone was determined based on the field visit and matching the maps obtained from the previous stage with the current situation of the studied area, as well as by considering the desired criteria and finally according to the opinion of the relevant experts, and by summarizing the results, a range was determined. In the southeast, the Sedeltian site was identified and suggested with 24 points as a suitable option for creating a sustainable tourism site.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209180_27b14998143455ef9b7986c86595a97a.pdf

Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 08 15 Reduction of Radiation Pollution in the Agricultural Environment by Using Nuclear Defense Reduction of Radiation Pollution in the Agricultural Environment by Using Nuclear Defense 113 130 209181 FA Morteza Kordi 0000-0003-2184-0861 Mojtaba/مجتبی Saadati/سعادتی گروه زیست دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع) 0000-0001-7199-3167 Journal Article 2024 03 13 Using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes has many benefits. But, if it is not controlled, it can pose risks. It may cause health and environmental problems. A nuclear accident may follow an accidental nuclear explosion (Chernobyl, Ukraine, 1986), intentional (atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1945), or leakage of radioactive material from damaged or worn-out reactors at power plants or facilities. Nuclear technology is the radioactive pollution from transporting, handling, and storing nuclear fuel and waste. After any nuclear accident, radioactive materials spread into the environment. They cause pollution, including in agricultural areas; the soil, plants, and crops. In this situation, it is necessary to take effective measures in the shortest possible time to reduce the transfer of radioactive contamination to the food chain. Among the effective tools in nuclear defense is non-nuclear defense, which does not need the use of weapons, and its implementation can prevent or reduce damage to the environment and human casualties. There are several defense methods to avoid or decontaminate the agricultural environment in the period before and during the fall of radioactive substances. By examining these methods, we can design countermeasures that will work in the short, medium, and long term after the accident. Also, they will have the highest degree of implementation capability and efficiency, and can prevent the largest amount of pollution in the shortest time. Using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes has many benefits. But, if it is not controlled, it can pose risks. It may cause health and environmental problems. A nuclear accident may follow an accidental nuclear explosion (Chernobyl, Ukraine, 1986), intentional (atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1945), or leakage of radioactive material from damaged or worn-out reactors at power plants or facilities. Nuclear technology is the radioactive pollution from transporting, handling, and storing nuclear fuel and waste. After any nuclear accident, radioactive materials spread into the environment. They cause pollution, including in agricultural areas; the soil, plants, and crops. In this situation, it is necessary to take effective measures in the shortest possible time to reduce the transfer of radioactive contamination to the food chain. Among the effective tools in nuclear defense is non-nuclear defense, which does not need the use of weapons, and its implementation can prevent or reduce damage to the environment and human casualties. There are several defense methods to avoid or decontaminate the agricultural environment in the period before and during the fall of radioactive substances. By examining these methods, we can design countermeasures that will work in the short, medium, and long term after the accident. Also, they will have the highest degree of implementation capability and efficiency, and can prevent the largest amount of pollution in the shortest time.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209181_3300015011fede7065682e92c5289b57.pdf

Imam Hussein University Passive Defense 2008-6849 15 2 2024 07 22 Defensive Tactics to Deal with Psychological Manipulation in the Field of Information Security Defensive Tactics to Deal with Psychological Manipulation in the Field of Information Security 131 142 209182 FA Mahdi Nakhost Department of Management,Roudehen,Islamic Azad University,Roudehen,Iran 0009-0007-5046-2763 Saber Khandan Department of Management, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Roudhan Branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-9314-0955 Hossein Ghazanfari Department of Management, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, South Branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8603-9306 Journal Article 2023 12 10 The increasing threats and dangers demand more and more the necessity of accurate and appropriate direction of governance through the formulation of a strategic document in the field of resilience of the country's water industry. Among the primary steps in compiling the desired document is to identify and measure the impact of directional elements, internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (threats and opportunities) factors affecting the resilience of the water industry. The goal of the researcher is to identify the external factors (threats and opportunities) affecting the resilience of the country's water industry, then to present a comprehensive model of the resilience of the country's water industry, and finally, path analysis models based on the most effective factors. Therefore, in the first step, based on the methodology (PESTEL), an effort was made to identify and measure the intensity and direction of the effects of external factors affecting the resilience of the water industry. Then, due to the high factor loading of the environmental variable, it was considered to investigate the effects of the mentioned variable on the resilience factor after drawing and presenting three separate path analysis models. The population of the respondents was 460 people from among managers and experts in the field of crisis management and passive defense in the country's water industry, which according to Morgan's table, the sample number is 210 people. But due to the large number of factors (7 factors), the possibility of not providing the sample adequacy index (KMO) with 210 observations and the possibility of the researcher accessing more samples, the number of observations increased to 285 people. In this research, the 7-factor, 37-item questionnaire, with a 5-point Likert scale, has a validity (by fuzzy screening method) of (0.84) and reliability with Cronbach's alpha (0.81). The results of path analysis models in this research show the considerable and significant impact (direct, indirect and total) of environmental factors through legal, economic and technological factors on the resilience of the country's water industry. The increasing threats and dangers demand more and more the necessity of accurate and appropriate direction of governance through the formulation of a strategic document in the field of resilience of the country's water industry. Among the primary steps in compiling the desired document is to identify and measure the impact of directional elements, internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (threats and opportunities) factors affecting the resilience of the water industry. The goal of the researcher is to identify the external factors (threats and opportunities) affecting the resilience of the country's water industry, then to present a comprehensive model of the resilience of the country's water industry, and finally, path analysis models based on the most effective factors. Therefore, in the first step, based on the methodology (PESTEL), an effort was made to identify and measure the intensity and direction of the effects of external factors affecting the resilience of the water industry. Then, due to the high factor loading of the environmental variable, it was considered to investigate the effects of the mentioned variable on the resilience factor after drawing and presenting three separate path analysis models. The population of the respondents was 460 people from among managers and experts in the field of crisis management and passive defense in the country's water industry, which according to Morgan's table, the sample number is 210 people. But due to the large number of factors (7 factors), the possibility of not providing the sample adequacy index (KMO) with 210 observations and the possibility of the researcher accessing more samples, the number of observations increased to 285 people. In this research, the 7-factor, 37-item questionnaire, with a 5-point Likert scale, has a validity (by fuzzy screening method) of (0.84) and reliability with Cronbach's alpha (0.81). The results of path analysis models in this research show the considerable and significant impact (direct, indirect and total) of environmental factors through legal, economic and technological factors on the resilience of the country's water industry.

https://pd.ihu.ac.ir/article_209182_d71fa5e3c9d38ca8b98ed920ebce2518.pdf