Spatial Planning of Houses with Passive Defense Approach (Case Study of Mashhad Noghan Neighborhood)

Today, with the advances made in weapons technology and military equipment, urban areas are more at risk of raid. One of the most important factors in increasing human casualties in military attacks on urban areas is the absence of standardization or in other words non-conformity of housing architecture with principles such as optimum locating and positioning of the building, proper dispersion of the building, observance of the principles of concealment, camouflage and deception, the degree of reparability of the building and internal architecture, with respect to passive defense. Although housing, is regarded primarily as shelter provision, but it is a more complex phenomenon that should be considered from a variety of physical, social, economic and cultural aspects. Spatial planning of housing, considering all the above aspects, is trying to implement the best residential development methods in order to provide residential space for homeless households. According to the above, the principles of passive defense and design durability should be considered in designing infrastructure and structures of urban housing. In this research, the indicators of passive defense in spatial planning of housing have been used in a descriptive-analytical study with a qualitative approach, and the tool for collecting information is field observation and reference location data. Noghan neighborhood in Mashhad, is located in Sector 2 around the Holy Shrine, while the neighborhood is characterized by very low safety standards and high vulnerability and lack of considerations of passive defense. The results of the research show that to increase safety and reduce vulnerability of this neighborhood passive defense strategies can be applied by replacing passages, rehabilitating buildings, increasing open spaces, distributing appropriate local services and installing shelters at the necessary points.