Radar Cross Section Reduction Methods for Microstrip Antennas

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Electrical Engineering, Aeronautical University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The stealth technology is one of the most important strategies for protecting fighters and warships in the enemy's territory. Reducing the radar cross-section (RCS) of the antennas used in the radar of these fighters and ships is one of the stealth technology techniques. In this research, the methods of the radar cross section reduction for the microstrip antennas and their effects on performance of the antennas are presented. First, the radar cross section definition and the related governing relationships are presented and the importance of RCS reduction is discussed. Then, six main methods of radar cross-section reduction for microstrip antennas are introduced. These methods are: antenna shaping, electronic band gap (EBG), complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs), ground plane with frequency selective surface (FSS), metamaterial absorbers (MMA), and microstrip resonators. In each section, the radar cross section (RCS) of the reference and modified antennas are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant method is outlined.
 

Keywords

References

[1] M. Taslimi and A. Ebrahimzadeh, “Implementation of RCS software calculator using physical optics theorem (RCSPO),” Journal of Radar, vol. 4, pp. 1-10, 2017. (In Persian)##
[2] E. Ameri, S. H. Esmaeli, and S. H. Sedighy, “Ultra wideband radar cross section reduction by using polarization conversion metasurfaces,” Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 2019.##
[3] Z. Zou and Z. Nie, “RCS reduction of steps by using phase cancellation,” Sixth Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), Xi'an, 2017.##
[4] X. Q. Jia, Y. J. Zheng, X. Y. Cao, J. Gao, Q. Chen, and Y. Q. Fu, “Ultra-wideband RCS reduction and gain enhancement of patterned-surface-based aperture coupling patch antenna with optimized arrangement method,” AIP Advances, vol. 9, 2019.##
[5] A. Luqman et al., “Wideband RCS reduction using coding diffusion metasurface,” Materials, vol. 12, 2019.##
[6] G. Dong, X. Li, Y. Liu, S. Zhu, Y. He, and A. Zhang,     “Multi-polarization, polarization-independent, Wide-angle RCS reduction metasurface based on random phase gradients,” Appl. Opt., vol. 58, pp. 764-771, 2019.##
[7] Y. Fan, J. Wang, X. Fu, Y. Li, Y. Pang, L. Zheng, M. Yan, J. Zhang, and S. Qu, “Recent developments of metamaterials/metasurfaces for RCS reduction,” EPJ Appl. Metamat., vol. 6, 2019.##
[8] M. Pazokian, N. Komjani and M. Karimipour, “Broadband RCS reduction of microstrip antenna using coding frequency selective surface,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 17, pp. 382-1385, 2018.##
[9] Q. Chen, M. Guo, D. Sang, Z. Sun, and Y. Fu, “RCS reduction of patch array antenna using anisotropic resistive metasurface,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 18, pp. 1223-1227, 2019.##
[10] Y. Shi, Z. K. Meng, W. Y. Wei, W. Zheng, and L. Li, “Characteristic mode cancellation method and its application for antenna RCS reduction,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 18, pp. 1784-1788, 2019.##
[11] Y. Liu, Y. Jia, W. Zhang, Y. Wang, S. Gong, and G. Liao, “An integrated radiation and scattering performance design method of low-RCS patch antenna array with different antenna elements,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 67, pp. 6199-6204, 2019.##
[12] P. Yao, B. Zhang, and J. Duan, “A broadband artificial magnetic conductor reflecting screen and application in microstrip antenna for radar cross-section reduction,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 17, pp.  405-409, 2018.##
[13] H. K. Jang, W. J. Lee, and C. G. Kim, “Design and fabrication of a microstrip patch antenna with a low radar cross section in the X-band,” Smart Materials and Structures, 2011.##
[14] T E. F. Knott, J. F. Shaeffer, and M. T. Tuley, “Radar Cross Section,” Sci. Tech. Publishing, 2004.##
[15] W. Wiesbeck and E. Heidrich, “Influence of antennas on the radar cross section of camouflaged aircraft Radar,” Int. Conf. pp. 122–125, 1992.##
[16] A. Sharma, D. Gangwar, B. Kumar Kanaujia, and S. Dwari, “Gain enhancement and RCS reduction of CP patch antenna using partially reflecting and absorbing metasurface,” Journal Electromagnetics, vol. 39, 2019.##
[17] D. C. Evenden, “The RCS of antennas on a missile-like body Antenna Radar Cross-Section,” pp. 1-5, 1991.##
[18] C. B. Wilsen and D. B. Davidson “The radar cross section reduction of microstrip patches,” 4th IEEE AFRICON, vol. 2, pp. 730–733, 1996.##
[19] Y. Liu, Y. Hao, H. Wang, K. Li, and S. Gong, “Low RCS microstrip patch antenna using frequency selective surface and microstrip resonator,” Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 14, 2015.##
[20] M. Skolnik, “Radar Handbook,” Third Edition, 2008.##
[21] Yohandri, D. Rianto, and A. Putra, “Study of single layer Radar Absorber Material (RAM) based on coconut shell activated carbon,” 2017 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - FALL), Singapore, pp. 1536-1539, 2017.##
[22] I. G. Lee, S. H. Yoon, J. S. Lee, and I. P. Hong, “Design of wideband radar absorbing material with improved optical transmittance by using printed metal-mesh,” Electronics Letters, vol. 52, pp. 555-557, 2016.##
[23] Y. Zheng, J. Gao, X. Cao, Z. Yuan, and H. Yang, “Wideband RCS reduction of a microstrip antenna using artificial magnetic conductor structures,” Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 14, pp. 1582-1585, 2015.##
[24] M. Gustafsson, “RCS reduction of integrated antenna arrays and radomes with resistive sheets,” Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Antennas and Propagation Society, pp. 3479-3482, 2006.##
[25] M. Gustafsson, “RCS Reduction of integrated antenna arrays and radomes with resistive sheets,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Albuquerque, NM, pp. 3479-3482, 2006.##
[26] H. Chen, X. Hou, and L. Deng, “Design of               frequency-selective surfaces radome for a planar slotted waveguide antenna,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 1231-1233, 2009.##
[27] W. Jiang, Y. Liu, S. X. Gong, and T. Hong, “Application of bionics in antenna radar cross section reduction,” IEEE Antennas Wireless. Propag. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 1275-1278, 2009.##
[28] S. Genovesi, F. Costa, and A. Monorchio, “Low-profile array with reduced radar cross section by using hybrid frequency selective surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, pp. 2327-2335, 2012.##
[29] J. Zhang, J. Wang, M. Chen, et al., “RCS reduction of patch array antenna by electromagnetic band-gap structure,” IEEE Antennas Wireless. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 1048-1051, 2012.##
[30] Y. Jia, Y. Liu, and S. Gong, “RCS reduction of microstrip antenna by complementary split-ring resonators structure,” International Workshop on Antenna Technology, 2014.##
[30] H. Yang, X. Y. Cao, Q. R. Zheng, J. J. Ma, and W. Q. Li, “Broadband RCS reduction of microstrip patch antenna using bandstop frequency selective surface,” Radio Engineering, vol. 22, 2013.##
[31] H. B. Baskey, A. K. Jha, and M J. Akhtar, “Design of metamaterial based structure for the radar cross section reduction of a microstrip antenna,” IEEE International Microwave and RF Conference, 2014.##
[32] Y. Liu, H. Wang, K. Li, and S. Gong, “RCS reduction of a patch array antenna based on microstrip resonators,” Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 14, 2015.##                     

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 24 August 2019
  • Revise Date: 23 October 2019
  • Accept Date: 17 February 2020
  • Publish Date: 21 November 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics