The Role of Contaminated Surfaces and Environments in the Spread of Coronaviruses and Inactivation of Viruses with Disinfectant Agents

Minaei, M. E.; Bagheripour, M. J.

The Role of Contaminated Surfaces and Environments in the Spread of Coronaviruses and Inactivation of Viruses with Disinfectant Agents

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

M. E. Minaei ¹
M. J. Bagheripour ²

¹ Imam Hossein university

² Imam Hosein Univ.

Abstract

The emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes severe respiratory infections in humans, has become a global health concern. Our objective is to review information about sustainability and persistence of coronavirus on non-living surfaces and the efficiency of lethal factors to provide clear information for preventing the spread of COVID-19 disease. Research Method: This study is a systematic review conducted by online browsing of national and international websites using the specialized keyword in the main search engines and collecting the results. Then the main sources related to the purpose of this article are identified, extracted and classified and finally analyzed. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted to the surfaces and the environment through respiratory droplets, suspended particulates in the air and the feces. After touching the contaminated surfaces, it is transmitted by self-inoculation in the nose, mouth, or eyes. It can remain infectious on stainless steel, glass and plastic surfaces for up 9 days. Some disinfectant agents like 62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite significantly reduce the coronavirus infectivity within 1 min exposure time. In contrast, 0.2-0.05% benzalkonium or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate were less effective. The new COVID-19 disease has many vague points, and there is still no medicine and proper treatment for it. Standard surveillance, prevent and control plans have an important role in fighting the virus. The best way to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is disinfection of surfaces and the environment.

Keywords

DOR: 20.1001.1.20086849.1399.11.4.8.3

References

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##

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[33]. S. A. Ansari, V. S. Springthorpe, S. A. Sattar, S. Rivard, and M. Rahman, “Potential rol

The Role of Contaminated Surfaces and Environments in the Spread of Coronaviruses and Inactivation of Viruses with Disinfectant Agents

References

[1]. N. Wit, E. Doremalen, D. Falzarano, and V. J. Munster, “SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses,” Nat. Rev. Microbiol., vol. 14, pp. 523-534, 2016. [DOI:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81]##

[2]. J. F. Chan, S. Yuan, K. H. Kok, K. K. To, H. Chu, J. Yang, et al., “A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster,” Lancet, 2020. [DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(20) 30154-9]##

[3]. WHO. Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Situation report 12. WHO; 2020.##

[5]. S. F. Dowell, J. M. Simmerman, D. D. Erdman, J. S. Wu, A. Chaovavanich, M. Javadi, et al., “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on hospital surfaces,” Clin Infect Dis., 2004. 39:652e7. [DOI:10.1086/422652]##

[6]. C. Geller, M. Varbanov, and R. E. Duval, “Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its inﬂuence on the development of new antiseptic strategies,” Viruses 2012, 4:3044e68, 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/v4113044]##

[7]. G. Kampf, “Antiseptic stewardship: biocide resistance and clinical implications,” Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98785-9]##

[8]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities 2003,” updated 2019.##

[9]. National Health Commission, “Guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment for COVID-19 (7th Edition),”##

[10]. N. Van Doremalen, “Aerosol and surface stability of HCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to SARS-CoV-1,” The new england journal of medicine, 2020. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033217]##

[11]. Y Jang, H. Wang, L. Chen, J. He, L. Chen, Y. Liu, et al., “Clinical data on hospital environmental hygiene monitoring and medical staff’s protection during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak,” 2020. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.25.20028043]##

[12]. K. Tran, K. Cimon, M. Severn, CL. Pessoa-Silva, and J. Conly, “Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review,” 7:e35797, PLoS one 2012. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035797] [PMID]##

[13]. B. E. Young, S. W. X. Ong, S. Kalimuddin, J. G. Low, S. Y. Tan, J. Loh, et al., “Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected with SARS- CoV-2 in Singapore,” JAMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.3204] [PMID]##

[15]. K. W. Luo and Z. Hai, “A COVID-19 patient travelled in buses infected 13 people,” Shiyong Yufang Yixue, vol. 3, 2020.##

[16]. P. Mecenas, R. T. da Rosa Moreira Bastos, A. C. Rosário Vallinoto, and D. Normando, “Effects of temperature and humidity on the spread of COVID-19: A systematic review,” Plos One, e0238339, vol. 15(9), 2020.##

[17]. S. Y. Ren, W. B. Wang, Y. G. Hao, H. R. Zhang, Z. C. Wang, Y. L. Chen, et al., “Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments,” World J. Clin. Cases, vol. 8(8), pp. 1391-1399, 2020. [DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v 8.i8.1391]##

[18]. J. Sizun, M. W. Yu, P. J. Talbot,,“Survival of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 in suspension and after drying on surfaces: a possible source of hospital-acquired infections,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 46, pp. 55-60, 2000. [DOI:10.1053/jhin.2000.0795] [PMID]##

[19]. M. Y. Lai, P. K. Cheng, and W. W. Lim, “Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,” Clin Infect Dis., vol. 41, pp. 67-71, 2005. [DOI: 10.1086/433186] [PMID]##

[20]. M. K. Ijaz, A. H. Brunner, S. A. Sattar, R. C. Nair, and C. M. Johnson-Lussenburg, “Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E,” J. Gen. Virol., vol. 66, 2743e8, 1985. [DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-66-12-2743]##

[21]. H. F. Rabenau, G. Kampf, J. Cinatl, and HW, “Doerr. Efficacy of various disinfectants against SARS coronavirus,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 61, 107e11, 2005.##

[22]. V. Groupe, C. C. Engle, and P. E. Gaffney, “Virucidal activity of representative anti-infective agents against inﬂuenza A and vaccinia virus,” Appl. Microbiol., vol. 3, pp. 333-336, 1955.##

[23]. G. Kampf, M. Rudolf, J-C. Labadie, and S. P. Barrett, “Spectrum of antimicrobial activity and user acceptability of the hand disinfectant agent Sterillium Gel,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 52, pp. 141-147, 2002. [DOI:10.1053/jhin.2002.1281]##

[24]. C. H. Cunningham, “The effect of certain chemical agents on the virus of New castle disease of chicken,” Am. J. Vet. Res., vol. 9, pp. 195-197, 1948.##

[25]. M. A. Bucca, “The effect of various chemical agents on eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus,” J. Bacteriol., vol. 71, pp. 491-492, 1956.##

[26]. C. Payan, A. Pivert, G. Kampf, C. Ramon, J. Cottin, and C. Lemarie, “Assessment of new chemical disinfectants for HBV virucidal activity in a cell culture model,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 56, pp. 58-63, 2004. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2003.12.031]##

[27]. L. S. Martin, J. S. Meoougal, and S. L. Loskoski, “Disinfection and inactivation of the human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus,” J. Infect. Dis., vol. 152, pp. 400-403, 1985. [DOI:10.1093/infdis/152.2.400]##

[28]. G. Kampf, D. Todt, S. Pfaender, and E. Steinmann, “Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents,” J. Hosp. Infect., 2020. [DOI:10.1016/ j.jhin.2020.01.022.]##

[29]. W. A. Rutala and D. J. Weber, “Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee,” Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. [DOI: 10.1086/650197]##

[30]. A. Wood and D. Payne, “The action of three antiseptics/disinfectants against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 38, pp. 283-295, 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90077-9]##

##

[32]. B. Bean, B. M. Moore, B. Sterner, L. R. Peterson, D. N. Gerding, and H. H. Balfour, “Survival of inﬂuenza viruses an environmental surface,” J. Infec. Dis., vol. 146, pp. 47-51, 1982. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/146.1.47]##

[33]. S. A. Ansari, V. S. Springthorpe, S. A. Sattar, S. Rivard, and M. Rahman, “Potential rol

Volume 11, Issue 4 - Serial Number 44
February 2021
Pages 87-94

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The Role of Contaminated Surfaces and Environments in the Spread of Coronaviruses and Inactivation of Viruses with Disinfectant Agents

References

[1]. N. Wit, E. Doremalen, D. Falzarano, and V. J. Munster, “SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses,” Nat. Rev. Microbiol., vol. 14, pp. 523-534, 2016. [DOI:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81]##

[2]. J. F. Chan, S. Yuan, K. H. Kok, K. K. To, H. Chu, J. Yang, et al., “A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster,” Lancet, 2020. [DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(20) 30154-9]##

[3]. WHO. Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Situation report 12. WHO; 2020.##

[5]. S. F. Dowell, J. M. Simmerman, D. D. Erdman, J. S. Wu, A. Chaovavanich, M. Javadi, et al., “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on hospital surfaces,” Clin Infect Dis., 2004. 39:652e7. [DOI:10.1086/422652]##

[6]. C. Geller, M. Varbanov, and R. E. Duval, “Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its inﬂuence on the development of new antiseptic strategies,” Viruses 2012, 4:3044e68, 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/v4113044]##

[7]. G. Kampf, “Antiseptic stewardship: biocide resistance and clinical implications,” Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98785-9]##

[8]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities 2003,” updated 2019.##

[9]. National Health Commission, “Guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment for COVID-19 (7th Edition),”##

[10]. N. Van Doremalen, “Aerosol and surface stability of HCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to SARS-CoV-1,” The new england journal of medicine, 2020. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033217]##

[11]. Y Jang, H. Wang, L. Chen, J. He, L. Chen, Y. Liu, et al., “Clinical data on hospital environmental hygiene monitoring and medical staff’s protection during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak,” 2020. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.25.20028043]##

[12]. K. Tran, K. Cimon, M. Severn, CL. Pessoa-Silva, and J. Conly, “Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review,” 7:e35797, PLoS one 2012. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035797] [PMID]##

[13]. B. E. Young, S. W. X. Ong, S. Kalimuddin, J. G. Low, S. Y. Tan, J. Loh, et al., “Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected with SARS- CoV-2 in Singapore,” JAMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.3204] [PMID]##

[15]. K. W. Luo and Z. Hai, “A COVID-19 patient travelled in buses infected 13 people,” Shiyong Yufang Yixue, vol. 3, 2020.##

[16]. P. Mecenas, R. T. da Rosa Moreira Bastos, A. C. Rosário Vallinoto, and D. Normando, “Effects of temperature and humidity on the spread of COVID-19: A systematic review,” Plos One, e0238339, vol. 15(9), 2020.##

[17]. S. Y. Ren, W. B. Wang, Y. G. Hao, H. R. Zhang, Z. C. Wang, Y. L. Chen, et al., “Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments,” World J. Clin. Cases, vol. 8(8), pp. 1391-1399, 2020. [DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v 8.i8.1391]##

[18]. J. Sizun, M. W. Yu, P. J. Talbot,,“Survival of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 in suspension and after drying on surfaces: a possible source of hospital-acquired infections,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 46, pp. 55-60, 2000. [DOI:10.1053/jhin.2000.0795] [PMID]##

[19]. M. Y. Lai, P. K. Cheng, and W. W. Lim, “Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,” Clin Infect Dis., vol. 41, pp. 67-71, 2005. [DOI: 10.1086/433186] [PMID]##

[20]. M. K. Ijaz, A. H. Brunner, S. A. Sattar, R. C. Nair, and C. M. Johnson-Lussenburg, “Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E,” J. Gen. Virol., vol. 66, 2743e8, 1985. [DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-66-12-2743]##

[21]. H. F. Rabenau, G. Kampf, J. Cinatl, and HW, “Doerr. Efficacy of various disinfectants against SARS coronavirus,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 61, 107e11, 2005.##

[22]. V. Groupe, C. C. Engle, and P. E. Gaffney, “Virucidal activity of representative anti-infective agents against inﬂuenza A and vaccinia virus,” Appl. Microbiol., vol. 3, pp. 333-336, 1955.##

[23]. G. Kampf, M. Rudolf, J-C. Labadie, and S. P. Barrett, “Spectrum of antimicrobial activity and user acceptability of the hand disinfectant agent Sterillium Gel,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 52, pp. 141-147, 2002. [DOI:10.1053/jhin.2002.1281]##

[24]. C. H. Cunningham, “The effect of certain chemical agents on the virus of New castle disease of chicken,” Am. J. Vet. Res., vol. 9, pp. 195-197, 1948.##

[25]. M. A. Bucca, “The effect of various chemical agents on eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus,” J. Bacteriol., vol. 71, pp. 491-492, 1956.##

[26]. C. Payan, A. Pivert, G. Kampf, C. Ramon, J. Cottin, and C. Lemarie, “Assessment of new chemical disinfectants for HBV virucidal activity in a cell culture model,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 56, pp. 58-63, 2004. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2003.12.031]##

[27]. L. S. Martin, J. S. Meoougal, and S. L. Loskoski, “Disinfection and inactivation of the human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus,” J. Infect. Dis., vol. 152, pp. 400-403, 1985. [DOI:10.1093/infdis/152.2.400]##

[28]. G. Kampf, D. Todt, S. Pfaender, and E. Steinmann, “Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents,” J. Hosp. Infect., 2020. [DOI:10.1016/ j.jhin.2020.01.022.]##

[29]. W. A. Rutala and D. J. Weber, “Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee,” Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. [DOI: 10.1086/650197]##

[30]. A. Wood and D. Payne, “The action of three antiseptics/disinfectants against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 38, pp. 283-295, 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90077-9]##

##

[32]. B. Bean, B. M. Moore, B. Sterner, L. R. Peterson, D. N. Gerding, and H. H. Balfour, “Survival of inﬂuenza viruses an environmental surface,” J. Infec. Dis., vol. 146, pp. 47-51, 1982. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/146.1.47]##

[33]. S. A. Ansari, V. S. Springthorpe, S. A. Sattar, S. Rivard, and M. Rahman, “Potential rol

Volume 11, Issue 4 - Serial Number 44February 2021Pages 87-94

Files

History

Share

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Volume 11, Issue 4 - Serial Number 44
February 2021
Pages 87-94