In the border areas of Iran, using satellite remote sensing technology is a solution with lower cost and risk than the field survey for conducting the engineering geological studies along the tunnels. Terrains occupied by land mines and duded munitions, rugged terrain, and terrorists’ attacks, smugglers and cliffs are the major limitations with the field investigations in the border areas, whose overcoming them is important from the perspective of passive defense. This study deals with, the problem of detecting the zones potential of groundwater influx through open fractures in Nosoud water tunnel located in north-west border region of Kermanshah. The field geological surveys in investigated regions along the tunnel show that the lithology of the tunnel area is of limestone and shale resulting in a sequence of hard and soft layers at the tunnel site. In order to apply the resultant data from the ground investigation to the entire tunnel area, vegetation map from ASTER satellite image and the digital elevation model have been utilized. Based on obtained results, which corresponds to the engineering geological observations, thick layers of limestone in cliff areas with existing numerous springs and open fractures in unexploded ordnance lands are effective factors for the detection of high-risk water inflow into the Nosoud Tunnel.
Khazaei, S., Heidari, M., & Sharafi, M. (2014). Using ASTER Satellite Images to Predict Groundwater Inflow in Water Conveyance Tunnels (Case Study: Nosoud Tunnel). Passive Defense, 5(2), 11-20.
MLA
S. Khazaei; M. Heidari; M. Sharafi. "Using ASTER Satellite Images to Predict Groundwater Inflow in Water Conveyance Tunnels (Case Study: Nosoud Tunnel)", Passive Defense, 5, 2, 2014, 11-20.
HARVARD
Khazaei, S., Heidari, M., Sharafi, M. (2014). 'Using ASTER Satellite Images to Predict Groundwater Inflow in Water Conveyance Tunnels (Case Study: Nosoud Tunnel)', Passive Defense, 5(2), pp. 11-20.
VANCOUVER
Khazaei, S., Heidari, M., Sharafi, M. Using ASTER Satellite Images to Predict Groundwater Inflow in Water Conveyance Tunnels (Case Study: Nosoud Tunnel). Passive Defense, 2014; 5(2): 11-20.
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