Islands are generally considered strategic points for enemy missile and drone strikes. Therefore, due to the vulnerability of these islands to such attacks and the need for sustainable energy supply, the concept of resilience is very important in the day-ahead scheduling of energy resources on the islands. On the other hand, with the increasing prevalence of emerging resources such as electric vehicles, electrical storage, and demand response programs in microgrids, the need for integrated scheduling to use the capacity of these resources to improve the resilience of these networks has increased. To this end, this paper examines a two-stage scheduling approach to reduce the daily operating costs and improve the resilience of an island microgrid integrated with wind turbines. In addition, the effects of coordinated scheduling of emerging energy sources, including grid-connected electric vehicles, an electrical storage system, and shiftable electrical demands are evaluated to improve the daily operating costs and system resilience. The resilience index is considered as the sum of the cost of load shedding and the cost of increased power production in the event of an enemy attack on the wind turbines. Therefore, the proposed model determines the best operation strategy under normal conditions in such a way that, in the event of an enemy attack on the wind turbines, the lowest cost of load shedding and the lowest cost of increasing production in the presence of emerging energy sources will be tolerated by the islanding microgrid.
[1] Majzoobi and A. Khodaei, "Application of microgrids in providing ancillary services to the utility grid", Energy, vol. 123, pp. 555-563, 2017.##
[2] Vahedipour-Dahraie, H. Reza Najafi, A. Anvari-Moghaddam, and J. M. Guerrero, "Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints," Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, pp. 1-24, 2018.##
[3] Ghaffarpour, S. Zamanian, "Increasing Energy Security by Using the Concept of Resiliency in Multi-Energy Infrastructures", Iran's Passive Defense Forum, vol. 10, pp. 419-432, 2020. (In persion)##
[4] Ghaffarpour, "A multi-objective stochastic tri-level programming for highlighting the role of the pumped-storage power plant on electric grid defense budget", Journal of Energy Management and Technology, vol. 5, pp. 45-52, 2021.##
[5] Nazari-Heris, M. A. Mirzaei, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, M. Marzband, and S. Asadi, "Economic-environmental effect of power to gas technology in coupled electricity and gas systems with price-responsive shiftable loads", Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 244, pp. 118769, 2020.##
[6] Ahrabi, M. Abedi, H. Nafisi, M. A. Mirzaei, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and M. Marzband, "Evaluating the effect of electric vehicle parking lots in transmission-constrained AC unit commitment under a hybrid IGDT-stochastic approach", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 125, pp. 106546, 2021.##
[7] Hemmati, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, S. Ghasemzadeh, and E. Reihani, "Risk-based optimal scheduling of reconfigurable smart renewable energy based microgrids," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 10, pp. 415-428, 2018.##
[8] M. F. Fard and M. Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, "A bi-objective partial interdiction problem considering different defensive systems with capacity expansion of facilities under imminent attacks", Applied Soft Computing, vol. 68, pp. 334-359, 2018.##
[9] Davarikia and M. Barati, "A tri-level programming model for attack-resilient control of power grids", Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 6, pp. 918-929, 2018.##
Yan, Y. He, M. Shahidehpour, X. Ai, Z. Li, and J. Wen, "Coordinated regional-district operation of integrated energy systems for resilience enhancement in natural disasters", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 10, pp. 4881-4892, 2018.##
Panteli, D. N. Trakas, P. Mancarella, and N. D. Hatziargyriou, "Power systems resilience assessment: Hardening and smart operational enhancement strategies", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 105, pp. 1202-1213, 2017.##
A. Mirzaei, M. Hemmati, K. Zare, M. Abapour, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, M. Marzband, et al., "A novel hybrid two-stage framework for flexible bidding strategy of reconfigurable micro-grid in day-ahead and real-time markets", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 123, pp. 106293, 2020.##
Hemmati, M. A. Mirzaei, M. Abapour, K. Zare, B. Mohammadi-ivatloo, H. Mehrjerdi, et al., "Economic-environmental analysis of combined heat and power-based reconfigurable microgrid integrated with multiple energy storage and demand response program", Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 69, pp. 102790, 2021.##
Heydarian-Forushani, M. Golshan, and P. Siano, "Evaluating the benefits of coordinated emerging flexible resources in electricity markets", Applied energy, vol. 199, pp. 142-154, 2017.##
Hemmati, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, M. Abapour, and A. Anvari-Moghaddam, "Day-ahead profit-based reconfigurable microgrid scheduling considering uncertain renewable generation and load demand in the presence of energy storage", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 28, pp. 101161, 2020.##
R. Ebrahimi and N. Amjady, "Adaptive robust optimization framework for day-ahead microgrid scheduling", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 107, pp. 213-223, 2019.##
Parhizi, A. Khodaei, and M. Shahidehpour, "Market-based versus price-based microgrid optimal scheduling", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, pp. 615-623, 2016.##
Hemmati, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, M. Abapour, and A. Anvari-Moghaddam, "Optimal chance-constrained scheduling of reconfigurable microgrids considering islanding operation constraints", IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 14, pp. 5340-5349, 2020.##
Ghaffarpour, R., & zamanian, S. (2021). The Coordinated Scheduling of Emerging Energy Resources to Improve the Resilience of Island Microgrids with a Two-Stage Decision-Making Approach. Passive Defense, 12(3), 37-46.
MLA
R. Ghaffarpour; saeid zamanian. "The Coordinated Scheduling of Emerging Energy Resources to Improve the Resilience of Island Microgrids with a Two-Stage Decision-Making Approach", Passive Defense, 12, 3, 2021, 37-46.
HARVARD
Ghaffarpour, R., zamanian, S. (2021). 'The Coordinated Scheduling of Emerging Energy Resources to Improve the Resilience of Island Microgrids with a Two-Stage Decision-Making Approach', Passive Defense, 12(3), pp. 37-46.
VANCOUVER
Ghaffarpour, R., zamanian, S. The Coordinated Scheduling of Emerging Energy Resources to Improve the Resilience of Island Microgrids with a Two-Stage Decision-Making Approach. Passive Defense, 2021; 12(3): 37-46.
)
