1
M.Sc. in Landscape Engineering, University of Tehran
2
MSc Student in Landscape Engineering, University of Tabriz
3
Professor, University of Tehran
Abstract
Landscapes and urban green spaces are an integral part of urban spaces that play a significant role in the well-being and comfort of citizens in various conditions. With the spread of the covid-19 epidemic and the imposition of quarantine and social distancing, many mental and emotional pressures were imposed on the people of the society, and the access to city parks was limited compared to the era before the covid-19 epidemic. Based on this, the aim of this research is to find out the changes in the number of times and the reasons for citizens' visits to city parks before and during the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this research, library resources and questionnaires were used online and distributed through up-to-date communication tools. A simple random selection method was used to select the samples and 198 people participated in the research. McNemar's statistical test and mean score were used to evaluate the data extracted from the questionnaires. The findings of the research showed that the number of visits to city parks during the Covid-19 epidemic has decreased significantly; Also, the average score of the number of visits to city parks before the covid-19 epidemic was 3.44, which is a significant trend compared to the average score of the number of visits to city parks during the covid-19 epidemic, which is 2.58. It shows a decrease in visits to urban parks; Also, the reasons for visiting city parks in the era of Covid-19 show that the recreational and social aspects of city parks have been greatly reduced. As a result, the obstacles and problems of citizens' presence in city parks should be removed and these places should be adapted to the conditions of the epidemic
[1] Bekraee & M. Azmoodeh, “Appraisal of Urban Landscape Design Elements with a Passive Defense Approach,” Journal of Shahr-e-Tabavar, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 17-28, 2020. (In Persian)
[2] Abraham, T. Sonnerhalder, & T. Ael, “Landscape and Well-being: A scoping study on the Health-promoting Impact of outdoor Environments,” public Health, vol. 55, pp. 59-69, 2009.
[3] Zhang, P. Yok Tan, & J. Diehl, “A conceptual framework for studing urban green spaces effects on health,” Urban Ecology, vol. 3, pp. 1-13, 2017.
[4] Espinola, A. Castro, T. Amano, K. Fielding, & R. Ying, “Urban green space use during a time of stress: A case study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brisbane, Australia,” People and Nature, vol. 3, pp. 597-609, 2021.
[5] D. Velarde, G. Fry, & M. Tveit, “Health effects of viewing landscapes-landscpt types in environmental psychology,” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, vol. 6, pp. 199-212, 2007.
[6] Gheng, J. Zhang, W. Wei, & B. Zhao, “Effects of urban parks on residents’ expressed happiness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 21, 104118, 2021.
[7] Khozaei, M. Kim, N. Nematipour, & A. Ali, “The impact of perceived risk and disease prevention efficiency on outdoor activities and avoidance behaviors in the urban parks during COVID-19 pandemic,” Facilities Management, 19(5), pp. 553-568, 2021.
[8] Lu, J. Zhao, X. Wu, & S. Lo, “Escaping to nature during a pandemic: a natural experiment in Asian cities during the COVID-19 pandemic with big social media data,” Science of the total environment, vol. 21, 146092, 2021.
[9] Wolch, J. Byrne, & J. Newell, “Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities just green enough,” Landscape & Urban Planning, vol. 125, pp. 234-244, 2014.
Ugolini, L. Massetti, P. Martinez, & P. Carinanos, “Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use and perceptions of urban green space: An international exploratory study,” Urban forestry & urban greening, vol. 56, 126888, 2020.
Luo, J. Xie, & K. Furuya, “We Need such a Space: Residents’ Motives for Visiting Urban Green Spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic,” sustainability, 13(12), 6806, 2021.
Robinson, P. Brindley, R. Cameron, D. Maccarthy, & E. Jorgensen, “Nature's Role in Supporting Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Geospatial and Socioecological Study,” Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, 2227, 2021.
Dushkova, M. Ignatieva, M. Hughes, A. Konstantinova, V. Vasenev, & E. Dovletyarova, “Human Dimensions of Urban Blue and Green Infrastructure during a Pandemic. Case Study of Moscow (Russia) and Perth (Australia),” Sustainability, vol. 13, 4148, 2021.
Lohmus, C. Stenfors, T. Lind, A. Lauber, & A. Georgelis, “Mental Health Greenness and Nature Related Behaviors in the Adult Population of Stockholm County during,” Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, 3303, 2021.
Pouso, A. Borja, L. Fleming, E. Gomez-Baggethun, M. White, & M. Uyarra, “Contact with blue-green spaces during the COVIDE-19 pandemic lockdown beneficial for mental health,” Science of the total environment, vol. 756, 143984, 2020.
Thompson, “Linking landscape & health: The recurring theme (Review),” Landscape & urban planning, vol. 99, pp. 187-195, 2011.
[17] M. Koohsari, H. Badland, & B. Giles-Corti, “(Re) Designing the built environment to support physical activiry: bringing public health back into urban design & planning,” Cities, vol. 35, pp. 294-298, 2013.
Xie, Sh. Luo, K. Furuya, & D. Sun, “Urban Parks as Green Buffers During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Sustainability, 12(17), 6751, 2020.
Geng, J. Innes, W. Wu, & G. Wang, “Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on urban park visitation: a global analysis,” Forestry Research, vol. 32, pp. 553-567, 2021.
Herman, & L. Drozda, “Green Infrastructure in the Time of Social Distancing: Urban Policy and the Tactical Pandemic Urbanism,” Sustainability, vol. 13, 1632, 2021.
Soga, M. Evans, D. Cox, & K. Gaston, “Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on human-nature interacctions: Pathways, evidence and implications,” People and Nature, vol. 3, pp. 518-527, 2021.
Lahijanian, & Sh. ShieaBeigi, “Analytical Approach in Design and Management in Organizing Urban Parks and its Relation on Promoting Citizens Health,” Hoviat shahr Journal, vol. 7, pp. 95-104, 2010. (In Persian)
Vafadari Komarolya, D., poudineh gazaaghi, P., & kafi, M. (2023). The Effect of the Epidemic of Covid-19 on the Amount of Visits by People to Urban Parks. Passive Defense, 13(4), 77-83.
MLA
Davood Vafadari Komarolya; parya poudineh gazaaghi; Mohsen kafi. "The Effect of the Epidemic of Covid-19 on the Amount of Visits by People to Urban Parks". Passive Defense, 13, 4, 2023, 77-83.
HARVARD
Vafadari Komarolya, D., poudineh gazaaghi, P., kafi, M. (2023). 'The Effect of the Epidemic of Covid-19 on the Amount of Visits by People to Urban Parks', Passive Defense, 13(4), pp. 77-83.
VANCOUVER
Vafadari Komarolya, D., poudineh gazaaghi, P., kafi, M. The Effect of the Epidemic of Covid-19 on the Amount of Visits by People to Urban Parks. Passive Defense, 2023; 13(4): 77-83.
)
