Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
2
Department of Architecture, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Considering Iran's position in the region, our country has been involved in many wars and crises in the past, which threaten its assets. Educational centers, like other public spaces in the city, are important for two reasons: using the space and its buildings in crisis conditions for emergency accommodation and maintaining the security of the human property present. The purpose of this research is to prioritize the requirements of passive defense in the design of educational centers to identify and introduce the best requirements at the lowest cost for these centers. This research was carried out by a descriptive survey method and using the Delphi technique. Initially, the requirements were extracted from library sources, and then, in the form of a questionnaire, they were given to nine experts and elites of passive defense. The results were obtained using Q-type exploratory factor analysis. Based on the opinions of experts, 24 defense requirements were presented for the preservation and survival of educational centers. Among these, three factors were identified: emergency population evacuation with an average of 2.960, creation of a safe space with an average of 2.178, and performance management with an average of 1.042. Eight key requirements were considered as the most important requirements of passive defense in the design of educational centers according to experts: emergency exit and exit ways according to the number of people, enclosing spaces (enclosure), maintaining the safety of entrances to buildings when debris falls, building a safe underground space for storage and fuel tanks, horizontal expansion of the building area compared to vertical expansion, separation and segregation of safe spaces and unsafe spaces, creating a proper distance between building blocks, and creating deviant exits to discharge explosive forces in underground routes and shelters.
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