Analysis of Passive Defense Considerations and Requirements in Hospital Design: A Case Study of Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital, Tehran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Center for Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty and Research Institute of Passive Defense, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

2 Center for Architecture and Urban Planning Faculty and Research Institute of Passive Defense. Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

3 Center for Science and Technology of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty and Research Institute of Passive Defense, Imam Hossein University , Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This article examines the considerations and requirements of passive defense in the design and management of hospitals, with an emphasis on Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital in Tehran. The main objective of the study is to identify the principles and strategies of passive defense to reduce the vulnerability of hospitals against natural and human-induced threats. The research method is descriptive-analytical, employing tools such as library studies, field observations, data analysis, and comparative evaluation. The findings indicate that adhering to principles such as proper site selection, structural reinforcement, separation of entrances, development of secure infrastructures, and the design of flexible spaces plays a key role in enhancing hospital resilience. The case study of Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital revealed that this medical center requires improvement in several areas. The results show vulnerabilities in access and entry points (limited access, lack of a separate emergency entrance, traffic issues), the site (insufficient parking capacity, non-standard helipad, weak fencing, and inadequate safety perimeters), as well as in the building structure and adjacent areas. Based on these findings, a set of requirements and considerations—including improving accessibility, securing the premises and facilities, strengthening the building, and managing adjacent areas—has been proposed to enhance the hospital’s resilience and sustainability against potential threats. These recommendations can serve as a model for other healthcare centers.

Keywords

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Passive Defense
Volume 16, Issue 3 - Serial Number 63
Serial number 63. Autumn 2025
October 2025
Pages 95-109

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History

  • Receive Date: 13 May 2025
  • Revise Date: 08 June 2025
  • Accept Date: 20 September 2025
  • Publish Date: 22 October 2025

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