تبیین اصول پدافند غیرعامل در طراحی معماری مجتمع‌های مسکونی زیرزمینی با روش دلفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران

چکیده

امروزه با استفاده از برنامه‌های جامع مدیریت بحران در معماری و شهرسازی می‌توان از شدت و گستردگی خسارات و تلفات ناشی از خطرات طبیعی و غیرطبیعی کاست. از مهم‌ترین این تمهیدات، به‌کارگیری اصول پدافند غیرعامل است که باید در سطوح مختلف برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، شهرسازی و معماری مورد توجه قرار گیرد؛ از جمله می­توان به رعایت اصول پدافند غیرعامل در معماری مجتمع­های مسکونی اشاره نمود که یکی از مهم‌ترین راه­کارهای مناسب برای اهداف طرح، یعنی حفظ بقای نیروی انسانی در زمان بحران است. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی است و با روش تحلیلی-توصیفی به انجام رسیده است. سؤال اصلی این پژوهش عبارت است از: "مناسب­ترین راه­کارهای طراحی مجتمع­های مسکونی زیرزمینی منطبق بر اصول پدافند غیرعامل کدام هستند؟" برای پاسخگویی به این سوال، با مطالعات کتابخانه­ای، معیار‌ها و زیرمعیارهای طراحی در معماری فضاهای مسکونی بر اساس اصول پدافند غیرعامل جمع­آوری شد. بر این اساس 4 معیار اصلی شامل: مکان­یابی سایت، طراحی محوطه، طراحی معماری و طراحی فضای امن و مجموع 29 زیرمعیار تدوین شد. سپس با روش دلفی، پرسشنامه­­ها توسط 20 نفر از خبرگان در حوزه پدافند غیرعامل طی سه مرحله تکمیل و نیز معیارها، زیرمعیارها و پیشنهادهای طراحی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Expert Choice و با روش AHP وزن­دهی شد. یافته­های پژوهش نشان می­دهد که معیار "مکان­یابی سایت"  با وزن 0.272 بیشترین اهمیت را در معیارهای اصلی چهارگانه دارد و نیز زیرمعیارهای "هم‌جواری و کالبدی" با وزن 0.056، "فرم ساختمان"، "ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ-ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ" و "مصالح ساخت پناهگاه" با وزن 0.053 از مهم‌ترین زیر­معیارها هستند. در نهایت، برای هر کدام از زیرمعیارها، بهترین پیشنهاد طراحی ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Clarifying the Principles of Passive Defense in the Architectural Design of Underground Residential Complexes by Delphi Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Beyranvand 1
  • K. Momeni 2
1 M.A. of Architecture, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
2 Faculty member of Architecture, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, we can reduce the severity and extent of the damages due to natural and unnatural hazards by using comprehensive crisis management plans in architecture and urban planning. One of the most important measures could be applying passive defense principles. This study is an applied research in a descriptive-analytical manner. The main question of the research is: "Which solutions in accordance with passive defense principles are suitable for the design of underground residential complexes?" To answer this question, design criteria and sub-criteria of residential space architectures based on passive defense principles were collected by library studies.  Accordingly, 4 main criteria including: location, site design, architectural design, shelter design, and 29 sub-criteria were prepared. Then, by Delphi technique, the questionnaires were completed by 20 passive defense experts in three steps, and the criteria, sub-criteria and design suggestions were weighed using Expert Choice software and AHP method. The results show that the "locating" criterion with the weight of 0.272 is the most significant amongst the four main criteria. Also, the "neighborhood and framework" sub-criterion with the weight of 0.056, and "form", "natural-environmental", and "materials to construct shelters"sub-criteria with the weight of 0.053 are the most important subcategories. Finally, for each sub-criterion, the best design proposal is presented.       

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Passive Defense
  • Residential Complex
  • Underground Architecture
  • Delphi Method
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