تحلیل شاخص های تاب آوری در بلوک های شهری با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل (مورد پژوهی: کلان‌شهر تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه شهرسازی – پدافند غیرعامل، دانشکده پدافند غیرعامل، دانشگاه عالی دفاع ملی، تهران، ایران

2 دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

امروزه کاهش خطر بلایای طبیعی و انسان­ساخت با استفاده از پدافند غیرعامل و افزایش تاب­آوری شهرها به اهداف بسیاری از شهرها تبدیل شده است. با هم­افزایی بین دو مفهوم تاب­آوری شهری و پدافند غیرعامل شهری، تا حد زیادی شهرها در مقابل بحران­های انسان­ساخت و طبیعی تقویت می­شوند. هدف پژوهش حاضر نیز تحلیل شاخص­های تاب­آوری در بلوک­های کلان­شهر تهران با توجه به رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف از نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی - تحلیلی است. گردآوری اطلاعات برای استخراج شاخص­ها با روش کتابخانه­ای و اسنادی انجام شده است. سپس لایه­های مربوط به 92 شاخص­ تاب­آوری شهری با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل با استفاده از داده­های شهرداری تهران، سایت Open Street Map، سایت Google Earth و بلوک­های آماری کلان­شهر تهران در سال 1395 گردآوری و در نرم­افزار  Arc GIS پیش­پردازش و تهیه شده است. برای تحلیل شاخص­ها از مدل IHWP در نرم­افزار Arc GIS استفاده شده است. پرسش­نامه رتبه­بندی شاخص­ها در فرایند مدل IHWP توسط 25 نفر از خبرگان تکمیل شده است. نتایج مدل IHWP نمایان کرده است که از کل مساحت کلان­شهر تهران، 62/9 درصد دارای تاب­آوری بسیار پایین، 09/17 درصد دارای تاب­آوری پایین، 24/27 درصد دارای تاب­آوری متوسط، 46/30 درصد دارای تاب­آوری بالا و 58/15 درصد دارای تاب­آوری بسیار بالا هستند. قسمت­های داخلی و مرکزی کلان­شهر تهران از میزان تاب­آوری بالاتری برخوردار هستند و قسمت­های بیرونی و حاشیه­ای به ویژه در غرب و شرق کلان­شهر میزان تاب ­آوری پایین­تری دارند. در پایان نیز راهکارهای ارتقای تاب­آوری شهری با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل در کلان­شهر تهران ارائه شده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Resilience Indicators in Urban Blocks with Passive Defense Approach (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Afsari 1
  • Milad Hasanalizadeh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning - Passive Defense, Faculty of Passive Defense, National Defense University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, reducing the risk of natural and man-made disasters by using passive defenses and increasing the resilience of cities have become the goals of many cities. With the synergy between the two concepts of urban resilience and passive urban defense, cities are strengthened to a large extent against man-made and natural crises. The aim of the current research is to analyze the resilience indicators in the blocks of the Tehran metropolis according to the passive defense approach. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The collection of information for the extraction of indicators has been done with the library and documentary methods. Then the layers related to 92 urban resilience indicators with a passive defense approach were collected using Tehran Municipality data, Open Street Map website, Google Earth website, and statistical blocks of the Tehran metropolis in 2015 and pre-processed and prepared in Arc GIS software. The IHWP model was used in Arc GIS software to analyze the indicators. The indicators rating questionnaire in the IHWP model process has been completed by 25 experts. The results of the IHWP model have shown that 9.62% of the total area of the Tehran metropolis has very low resilience, 17.09% has low resilience, 27.24% has medium resilience, 30.46% has high resilience and 15.58% has very high resilience. The inner and central parts of Tehran have a higher level of resilience and the outer and peripheral parts, especially in the west and east of the metropolis, have a lower level of resilience. Finally, solutions for improving urban resilience with a passive defense approach in the Tehran metropolis have been presented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resilience Indicators
  • Urban Resilience
  • Passive Defense
  • IHWP Model
  • Tehran Metropolis

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 فروردین 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 مهر 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار: 25 آذر 1403