طراحی الگوی دستیابی به امنیت غذایی در ایران مبتنی بر دیدگاه‌های مقام معظم رهبری مدظله‌العالی (رهیافت تئوری داده بنیاد)

فهیمی فرد, سیدمحمد

طراحی الگوی دستیابی به امنیت غذایی در ایران مبتنی بر دیدگاه‌های مقام معظم رهبری مدظله‌العالی (رهیافت تئوری داده بنیاد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

سیدمحمد فهیمی فرد

استادیار گروه سیاست های کشاورزی و غذا، مؤسسه پژوهش های برنامه ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

از آنجاکه، ناامنی غذایی، امنیت ملی یک کشور را تهدید می‌کند، قانون اساسی کشور مبتنی بر آرمان‌های انقلاب اسلامی، بر ریشه-کن کردن فقر و برآوردن نیازهای اساسی مردم، به‌منظور برقراری امنیت غذایی در جریان رشد اقتصادی با هدف آزادگی و تأمین استقلال اقتصادی جامعه تأکید دارد. لیکن، شواهد نشان می‌دهد که امنیت غذایی در ایران اگرچه، به‌لحاظ فراهمی در وضعیت قابل قبولی قرار دارد، لیکن به‌لحاظ دسترسی، سلامت و پایداری وضعیت نامناسبی دارد. لذا در مطالعه حاضر پس از بررسی وضعیت موجود، به طراحی الگوی دستیابی به امنیت غذایی در ایران براساس دیدگاه‌های مقام معظم رهبریمدظله‌العالی با رهیافت تئوری داده‌بنیاد پرداخته شد. برای این‌منظور، سخنرانی‌ها، دیدارها و بیانات ایشان طی دوره 1402-1368 بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که ایشان از 2610 مورد سخنرانی‌ها، دیدارها و بیانات خود، ۵۳۶ بار به واژه «کشاورزی» اشاره داشته‌اند. در ادامه مهمترین گزاره‌های مرتبط با کشاورزی انتخاب شده (43 گزاره) و در 17 مقوله اصلی طبقه‌بندی شد. نکته قابل‌توجه این است که علی‌رغم ارائه تعاریف مختلف امنیت غذایی، با جمع‌بندی دیدگاه‌های ایشان، تعریف جدیدی از امنیت غذایی برای جمهوری اسلامی ایران حاصل می‌شود که مؤید تحقق آن، تنها از مسیر خودکفایی می‌باشد. علاوه براین، ایشان طی دوره یاد شده بارها به خودکفایی کشاورزی تأکید داشته‌اند، لیکن خودکفایی حقیقی، تنها در خصوص گندم و در سال‌های 1383 و 1395 محقق شده است. در ادامه، بر اساس کدگذاری انتخابی، الگوی دستیابی کشور به امنیت غذایی طراحی شده و «کشاورزی دانش‌بنیان» به عنوان راهبرد کلیدی تحقق آن شناسایی شد. در نهایت، راهکارهای پیاده‌سازی الگوی طراحی شده پیشنهاد گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20086849.1403.15.4.4.7

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Model for Achieving Food Security in Iran Based on the Views of the Supreme Leader (Grounded Theory Approach)

نویسنده [English]

Seyed Mohammad Fahimifard

Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural and Food Policies, Institute for Planning Research, Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Since food insecurity threatens the national security, Iran's constitution based on the ideals of Islamic Revolution, emphasized on eradicating poverty and meeting basic needs of people, in order to establish food security while the economic growth with the goal of freedom and securing economic independence of society. Also, the mission of passive defense in the agricultural sector includes securing and stabilizing access to food, reducing dependence (self-sufficiency), increasing resilience, improving preparations and managing the risks of the agricultural sector against threats, according to their importance level. But, evidence shows that although food security in Iran has acceptable state in terms of availability, it has unfavorable state in terms of access, health and sustainability. Therefore, in current study, after examining the current situation, the model of achieving food security in Iran was designed based on the views of Supreme Leader using grounded theory approach. For this purpose, his speeches, meetings and statements during 1989-2023 were examined. Results showed that he mentioned the word "agriculture" 536 times out of 2610 of his speeches, meetings and statements. In the following, most important propositions related to agriculture were selected (43 propositions) and classified into 17 main categories. The noteworthy point is that despite the presentation of different definitions of food security, by summarizing his views, new definition of food security for Iran is obtained, which confirms its realization, only through the self-sufficiency path. In addition, during the mentioned period, he has emphasized on agriculture self-sufficiency many times, but real self-sufficiency has been achieved only for wheat in 2004 and 2016. Next, based on selective coding, the model for achieving food security was designed and "knowledge-based agriculture" was identified as the key strategy for its realization. Finally, implementation solutions of designed model especially in terms of increasing water productivity, reducing the rate of soil erosion, preventing the fragmentation of agricultural land, increasing investment in the agricultural sector, preventing the change of agricultural land use, rejuvenation and increasing the penetration of knowledge into the agricultural sector, effective support from agriculture sector and reducing the waste of agricultural products were suggested.were suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Views of the Supreme Leader
food security
self-sufficiency
knowledge-based agriculture
grounded theory

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