تحلیل عاملی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر طراحی و تجهیز فضاهای باز عمومی با هدف افزایش تاب‌آوری شهری در برابر زلزله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، پژوهشکده سرمایه انسانی، دانشگاه فرماندهی و ستاد آجا، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، پژوهشکده سایبر پولوتیک، دانشگاه فرماندهی و ستاد آجا، تهران، ایران.

3 پژوهشگر، پژوهشکده سایبر پولوتیک، دانشگاه فرماندهی و ستاد آجا، تهران، ایران.

چکیده .

حوادث طبیعی غیرمنتظره، مانند زلزله، نیازمند مدیریت بحران و تصمیم‌گیری سریع و صحیح است. آمادگی پیش از بحران، کلید موفقیت در این زمینه است. فضاهای باز عمومی(پارک‌های شهری)، با دسترسی آسان و زیرساخت‌های مناسب، می‌توانند پناهگاه و مرکز مدیریت بحران باشند. این پژوهش می‌کوشد ویژگی‌های طراحی و عناصر کالبدی فضاهای باز شهری را برای آمادگی پیش از زلزله و تاب‌آوری در برابر بحران را بررسی کند و اجماعی کامل در این زمینه ارائه دهد. در این پژوهش، ابتدا با استفاده از روش توصیفی-اکتشافی، مطالعات اسنادی مرتبط با موضوع، بررسی و پارامترهای مورد نظر استخراج شدند. سپس این پارامترها با روش تحقیق کمی پیمایشی، از طریق پرسش و ارزیابی نظر جامعه متخصص هلال احمر و معماران منظر شهری، اعتبارسنجی گردید. نتایج ارزیابی هشت دسته کلی از پارامتر­­های پرسش­نامه شامل پوشش گیاهی ، ابعاد و ظرفیت، موقعیت و دسترسی خارجی، علائم و مسیر­های داخلی فضا ، ایمنی و امنیت و آسایش محیطی فضا، زیرساخت­ها و امکانات فضا و آموزش و آمادگی برای زمان بحران، به کمک نرم افزار Smart PLS تحلیل گردید و کارآمدی پارامتر­های استخراجی، جهت تاب­آوری فضاهای باز شهری در برابر زلزله به تأیید رسید.  بر اساس یافته‌ها، مؤلفه‌های طراحی و تجهیز این فضاها در چهار دسته شامل علائم و مسیرها، ایمنی و آسایش، زیرساخت‌ها و پوشش گیاهی دسته‌بندی شدند. همچنین، نقش آموزش و آمادگی مدیران محلی و مردم برای استفاده بهتر از این فضاها نیز مورد تأکید قرار گرفت. نتایج نیز نشان داد طراحی و تجهیز فضاهای باز شهری به عنوان پناهگاه‌های کارآمد در مواقع بحران زلزله، به همراه مدیریت صحیح و آگاهی‌بخشی به جامعه در خصوص کارکرد این فضاها، نه تنها تاب‌آوری شهر را افزایش می‌دهد، بلکه فرهنگ انعطاف‌پذیری شهروندان را نیز در مواجهه با بحران تقویت می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factor Analysis of Components Influencing the Design and Equipment of Public Open Spaces with the Aim of Increasing Urban Resilience Against Earthquakes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asghar Asgharzadeh 1
  • Mahdi Ouria 2
  • Sina Kalhori 3
1 Associate Prof, Human Capital Research Institute, AJA Command and staff University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Prof, Research Institute of Cyber Politics, AJA Command and staff University, Tehran, Iran
3 Researcher, Research Institute of Cyber Politics, AJA Command and staff University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده . [English]

Unexpected natural disasters, such as earthquakes, require crisis management and quick, accurate decision-making. Pre-crisis preparedness is the key to success in this area. Public open spaces (urban parks), with easy access and suitable infrastructure, can serve as shelters and crisis management centers. This research aims to examine the design characteristics and physical elements of urban open spaces for pre-earthquake preparedness and crisis resilience, and to provide a comprehensive consensus on this topic.In this study, first, using a descriptive-exploratory method, documentary studies related to the subject were reviewed, and the relevant parameters were extracted. Then, these parameters were validated through quantitative survey research, by questioning and evaluating the opinions of Red Crescent specialists and urban landscape   architects. The evaluation results of eight general categories of questionnaire parameters, including      vegetation cover, dimensions and capacity, location and external access, signs and internal pathways,   safety and security, environmental comfort, infrastructure and facilities, and education and preparation for crisis times, were analyzed using Smart PLS software. The effectiveness of the extracted parameters for the resilience of urban open spaces against earthquakes was confirmed. Based on the findings, the components of design and equipment for these spaces were categorized into four groups: signs and pathways, safety and comfort, infrastructure, and vegetation cover. Additionally, the role of education and preparedness of local managers and people for better utilization of these spaces was emphasized. The results also showed that designing and equipping urban open spaces as effective shelters during earthquake crises, along with  proper management and raising awareness in the community about the function of these spaces, not only increases the city's resilience but also strengthens the culture of citizens' flexibility in facing crises.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resilience
  • Public Open Spaces
  • Urban Parks
  • Earthquake Crisis
  • Crisis Management

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 مهر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1404