پدافند غیرعامل

پدافند غیرعامل

تشخیص و دسته‌بندی هوشمند اخلال‌گرها در سیگنال‌های ماهواره‌ای DVB-S2

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مخابرات سیستم، مجتمع دانشگاهی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک‌اشتر ، تهران، ایران
2 استاد، گروه مخابرات سیستم، مجتمع دانشگاهی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک‌اشتر ، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه مخابرات سیستم، مجتمع دانشگاهی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک‌اشتر ، تهران، ایران
چکیده .
با توجه به رشد روزافزون مخابرات ماهواره‌ای در حوزه‌های مختلف به‌ویژه کاربردهای نظامی و اهمیت بالای امنیت ارتباطات، استفاده از روش‌های مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی برای جلوگیری از شنود سیگنال‌های مخابراتی و مقابله با تداخل اهمیت ویژه‌ای پیدا کرده است. این مقاله یک روش مبتنی بر شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چندلایه (MLP) را برای تشخیص و شناسایی تداخل در استاندارد مخابرات ماهواره‌ای DVB-S2 پیشنهاد می‌دهد. مجموعه داده‌های استفاده شده در این تحقیق شامل: سیگنال‌های مدوله‌شده (QPSK و APSK با مراتب 8، 16 و 32) و انواع تداخل‌های رادیویی نظیر تداخل چرپ (CI)، تداخل موج پیوسته (CWI) و تداخل موج پیوسته چندگانه (MCWI) می‌باشند. در روش پیشنهادی، ابتدا تعداد زیادی ویژگی‌های آماری و طیفی سیگنال‌ها استخراج می‌شوند. سپس، ده ویژگی برتر با استفاده از معیارهای فاصله ماهالانوبیس، فاصله اقلیدوسی، کای-دو و نسبت واریانس به میانگین (VdM) برای بهینه‌سازی عملکرد مدل انتخاب می‌گردند. نتایج عددی نشان‌دهنده بهبود دقت معیار VdM در شناسایی تداخل‌ها، به‌ویژه در شرایطی با نسبت توان سیگنال به نویز (SNR) پایین می‌باشد. این روش در نسبت SNR=0 dB، بهبود دقتی تا 6 درصد نسبت به روش‌های پیشین فراهم می‌کند و در SNR=9 dB، دقت روش پیشنهادی به 74/99% می‌رسد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Intelligent Recognition and Classification of Interferers in DVB-S2 Satellite Signals

نویسندگان English

Mohyeddin Karamali 1
Hossein Khaleghi 2
Hossein Bahramgiri 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده . English

With the rapid growth of satellite communications in various fields, particularly in military applications, and the high importance of communication security, the use of artificial intelligence-based methods to prevent the interception of communication signals and mitigate interference has become increasingly important. This paper proposes a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network-based method for the detection and identification of interference in the DVB-S2 satellite communication standard. The dataset used in this study includes modulated signals (QPSK and APSK with orders 8, 16, and 32) and various types of radio-frequency interference, including chirp interference (CI), continuous-wave interference (CWI), and multiple continuous-wave interference (MCWI). In the proposed method, a large number of statistical and spectral features are initially extracted from the signals. Then, the ten best features are selected using the Mahalanobis distance, Euclidean distance, chi-square, and variance-to-mean ratio (VdM) criteria to optimize the model performance. Numerical results demonstrate the improved accuracy of the VdM criterion in identifying interference, particularly under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. At SNR = 0 dB, the proposed method provides an accuracy improvement of up to 6% compared with previous methods, while at SNR = 9 dB, the accuracy of the proposed method reaches 99.74%.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Satellite Communications, DVB-S2 Standard, Pattern Recognition, Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), Statistical and Spectral Features
Machine Learning
[1]G. Maral, M. Bousquet, and Z. Sun, Satellite communications systems: systems, techniques and technology. John Wiley & Sons, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119673811
[2]E. Standard, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for broadcasting, interactive services, news gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2),” Eur. Telecommun. Stand. Inst. ETSI EN, vol. 302, no. 307, p. V1, 2014.
[3]A. Morello and V. Mignone, “DVB-S2: The second generation standard for satellite broad-band services,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 210–227, 2006. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2005.861013
[4]K. Grover, A. Lim, and Q. Yang, “Jamming and anti–jamming techniques in wireless networks: a survey,” Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 197–215, 2014. doi: 10.1504/IJAHUC.2014.066419
[5]S. Ujan, N. Navidi, and R. J. Landry, “Hierarchical classification method for radio frequency interference recognition and characterization in satcom,” Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 13, p. 4608, 2020. doi:10.3390/app10134608
[6]O. A. Dobre, A. Abdi, Y. Bar-Ness, and W. Su, “A Survey of Automatic Modulation Classification Techniques: Classical Approaches and New Trends”. doi:10.1049/iet-com:20050176
[7]S. Haykin, D. J. Thomson, and J. H. Reed, “Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 97, no. 5, pp. 849–877, 2009. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2009.2015711
[8]J. Hofmann, T. Delamotte, and A. Knopp, “Cyclostationarity-based signal detection in multi-satellite systems,” in 2022 56th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, IEEE, 2022, pp. 877–880. doi:10.1109/IEEECONF56349.2022.10051820
[9]H. Huang and K. Sun, “Interference detection and suppression based on time-frequency analysis,” Adv. Aerosp. Sci. Technol., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 97–111, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4236/aast.2022.72006
[10]J. Su, M. Xi, Y. Gong, M. Tao, Y. Fan, and L. Wang, “Time-varying wideband interference mitigation for SAR via time-frequency-pulse joint decomposition algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 60, pp. 1–16, 2022. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2022.3213318
[11]A. Brito, P. Sebastião, and F. J. Velez, “Hybrid matched filter detection spectrum sensing,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 165504–165516, 2021. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3134796
[12]T. M. Getu, W. Ajib, and R. Landry, “Energy-based RFI detection: Theory and results,” in 2018 14th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), IEEE, 2018, pp. 161–168. doi:10.1109/WiMOB.2018.8589089
[13]F. Salahdine, H. El Ghazi, N. Kaabouch, and W. F. Fihri, “Matched filter detection with dynamic threshold for cognitive radio networks,” in 2015 international conference on wireless networks and mobile communications (WINCOM), IEEE, 2015, pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/WINCOM.2015.7381345
[14]S. Djukanović, M. Daković, T. Thayaparan, and L. Stanković, “Interference suppression in noise radar systems,” in Radar Sensor Technology XV, SPIE, 2011, pp. 424–431. Accessed: Mar. 22, 2025. [Online]. doi:https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884682 .Available: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/8021/80211M/Interference-suppression-in-noise-radar-systems/10.1117/12.884682.short
[15]H. Alizadeh, M. Babaei, and M. Rezaei Kheir Abadi, “Detection of Interfering Signals and Estimation of Their Carrier Frequency in CNC Satellite Communications using Cyclic Spectrum Density,” Sci. J. Electron. Cyber Def., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 91–101, 2023. (in Persian)
[16]D. Cabric, S. M. Mishra, and R. W. Brodersen, “Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios,” in Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004., Ieee, 2004, pp. 772–776. doi:10.1109/ACSSC.2004.1399240
[17]T. Nawaz, D. Campo, M. O. Mughal, L. Marcenaro, and C. S. Regazzoni, “Jammer detection algorithm for wide-band radios using spectral correlation and neural networks,” in 2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), IEEE, 2017, pp. 246–251. doi:10.1109/IWCMC.2017.7986294
[18]M. Aghalari and H. Khaleghi Bizaki, “Spectrum Anomaly Detection: A Deep Learning Approach,” Comput. Knowl. Eng., Oct. 2025, doi: 10.22067/cke.2025.91456.1144.
[19]G. Baldini, “Wireless Interference Classification in Satellite Communications with the Standardized Variable Distances Learning Algorithm and Adaptive Spectral Domain Segmentation,” in 2024 First International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing (ICECSP), IEEE, 2024, pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/ICECSP61809.2024.10698261
[20]M. Farhang, A. Ghaleh, and H. Dehghani, “Modulation recognition for DVB-S2 standard using pairwise support vector machines,” J. Electron. Cyber Def., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15–21, 2013. doi:10.1504/IJAACS.2018.092020 (in Persian)
[21]I. Kadoun and H. K. Bizaki, “Discriminative estimated cumulants-based automatic modulation classification over multipath fading channels,” July 28, 2022, In Review. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1867152/v1.
[22]A. R. Ramchandra, A. Skurdal, P. Ranganathan, and W. Semke, “Detecting GPS Interference Using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Data,” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 16, p. 3145, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163145
[23]Y. Arjoune, F. Salahdine, Md. S. Islam, E. Ghribi, and N. Kaabouch, “A Novel Jamming Attacks Detection Approach Based on Machine Learning for Wireless Communication,” in 2020 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), Barcelona, Spain: IEEE, Jan. 2020, pp. 459–464. doi: 10.1109/ICOIN48656.2020.9016462.
[24]J. Zhao, T. Zhang, T. Gao, and Z. Luo, “Interference Range-Doppler Image Detection by Stacking Classifier Design for Over-the-Horizon Radar,” in 2024 6th International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Informatics (EEI), IEEE, 2024, pp. 52–57. Accessed: Mar. 23, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10696114/ doi: 10.1109/EEI63073.2024.10696114
[25]A. Maroosi, I. Zabbah, and H. Ataei Khabbaz, “Network Intrusion Detection using a Combination of Artificial                          Neural Networks in a Hierarchical Manner,” J. Electron. Cyber Def., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 89–99, 2020. dor: 20.1001.1.23224347.1399.8.1.8.8 (in Persian)
[26]M. Idhammad, K. Afdel, and M. Belouch, “Dos detection method based on artificial neural networks,” Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 8, no. 4, 2017. doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2017.080461
[27]I. Kadoun and H. K. Bizaki, “Advanced features generation algorithm for MPSK and MQAM classification in flat fading channel,” Radioengineering, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 127, 2022. doi: 10.13164/re.2022.0127
[28]Y. Wang et al., “An improved modulation recognition algorithm based on fine-tuning and feature re-extraction,” Electronics, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 2134, 2023. doi: 10.3390/electronics12092134
[29]M. Mirarab and M. Sobhani, “Robust modulation classification for PSK/QAM/ASK using higher-order cumulants,” in 2007 6th International Conference on Information, Communications & Signal Processing, IEEE, 2007, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/ICICS.2007.4449591
[30]B. Samanta, K. R. Al-Balushi, and S. A. Al-Araimi, “Artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm for bearing fault detection,” Soft Comput., vol. 10, pp. 264–271, 2006. doi: 10.1007/s00500-005-0481-0
 
 
 
دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 66
شماره پیا پی 66 تابستان 1405
تابستان 1405
صفحه 59-74

  • تاریخ دریافت 03 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 مرداد 1405