ارزیابی میزان خطرپذیری کالبدی سکونتگاه‌های شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر اهواز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 .

2 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه گیلان

3 -

چکیده

در شهرها همواره احتمال وقوع وضعیت غیرعادی وجود دارد، و با تغییر شرایط و خروج از وضعیت عادی، شهرها با مشکلاتی مواجه می‌گردند. خطراتی همچون حوادث طبیعی و غیرطبیعی، می‌توانند شرایط بحرانی را ایجاد نمایند. امروزه مدیریت بحران‌های انسان‌ساخت با موضوع پدافندغیرعامل و مبحث تاب‌آوری عجین گردیده و رویکردی موثر در جهت کاهش مشکلات در هنگام وقوع بحران‌ها را فراهم می‌آورد. عوامل‌کالبدی نقش بسیار مهمی را در مدیریت این‌گونه بحران‌ها دارا است. اهواز از جمله شهرهای راهبردی ایران می‌باشد که با توجه به موقعیت جغرافیایی؛ منابع طبیعی و صنایع موجود، همواره مستعد خطر بوده‌است. هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر شناسایی پهنه‌های خطرپذیر کالبدی شهر اهواز و ارائه راهبردهای مناسب، به منظور افزایش تاب‌آوری‌شهری می‌باشد. پژوهش پیش‌رو، ترکیبی از روش‌های توصیفی، اسنادی، توسعه‌ای و تحلیلی و با ماهیت نظری-کاربردی است که با اتکا به روش ژرفانگر به بیان کمیت و کیفیت مولفه‌های مربوط به اصول و معیارهای مناسب پدافندغیرعامل با رویکرد تاب‌آوری‌شهر اهواز می‌پردازد. و با در نظر گرفتن معیارهایی چون هسته‌های‌ شهری، عمر بافت، تراکم‌ساختمانی، الگوی ‌همجواری‌کاربری‌ها، شبکه‌ معابر و نقاط راهبردی؛ درصدد ارزیابی خطرپذیری‌کالبدی شهر اهواز است. بدین منظور 14 شاخص در قالب معیارهای فوق با اولویت کمترین خطرپذیری تهیه شد. شاخص‌ها توسط نرم‌افزار SuperDecisions وزن‌دهی گردید، سپس در محیط ArcGIS نقشه‌سازی‌ها انجام پذیرفت. نتایج حاصله نشان‌دهنده آن است که به جز مناطق محدودی درغرب، شمال‌غربی و جنوب‌غربی، سایر مناطق از خطرپذیری بالایی برخودار بوده و این مناطق نیازمند توجه بیشتری در راستای دستیابی به استانداردهای مطلوب در حوزه تاب‌آوری و پدافندغیرعامل هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Assessment of Physical Vulnerability of Urban Settlements (Case Study: Ahvaz City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mozhdeh Pouryarmohammadi 1
  • Hasan Ahmadi 2
  • Ali Akbar Salaripour 2
  • Sadegh Nadaf 3
1 .
2 Assistant Professor of Urban Planning, University of Guilan
3 -
چکیده [English]

Cities always face the possibility of abnormal situations and encounter problems when the normal conditions change. Man-made hazards and natural disasters can lead to crises. Nowadays, the management of man-made crises is intertwined with the issues of passive defense and resilience, and provides an effective approach to reduce problems in hard times. Physical factors play a crucial role in crisis management. Ahvaz is one of the strategic cities of Iran, which has always been at risk due to its geographical location, natural resources, and industries. This study aims primarily to identify the physically risk-prone zones of Ahvaz and provide appropriate strategies to increase urban resilience. Based on the intensive method, this research has used a combination of descriptive, documentary, developmental, and analytical methods with a theoretical-applied nature, to express the quantity and quality of components related to the principles and criteria of passive defense regarding the resilience of Ahvaz city. The physical risk-proneness of Ahvaz is evaluated considering some criteria such as the urban cores, the age of ancient neighborhoods, the building density, the patterns of neighboring land uses, the network of passages and strategic areas. For this purpose, 14 indices were prepared according to the mentioned criteria with the lowest risk priority. The indices were weighted by Super Decisions software, then mapped in the ArcGIS environment. The results show that except for some small areas in the west, northwest and southwest regions, other areas are at high risk and require more attention to achieve the desired standards in the field of resilience and passive defense.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical Vulnerability
  • Ahvaz City
  • Passive Defense
  • Resilience
  • Urban Management

Smiley face

[1] H. Nowroozi, S. Mohamadidoust, H. Hosseinhosseinekhah, M. Khanizadeh, “Identification and Evaluation of Amazing driver in the physical Resonance of Urban Uses with Passive Defense Defense Approach (Case Study: District 1of Yasuj City)”, Urban research and planning, vol. 10, no. 36,pp. 33-46, 2019, (In Persian).##
[2] P. Romero-Lankao, D. M, Gnatz, O. Wilhelm, M. Hayden, "Urban Sustainability and Resilience: From Theory to Practice", Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121224 vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1-19, 2016.##
[3] S. Meerow, J. P. Newell, M. Stults, "Defining urban resilience: A review", ScienceDirect "Landscape and Urban Planning", http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011, vol. 147, pp. 38-49, 2016.##
[4] L. Chelleri, "From the «Resilient City» to Urban Resilience. A review essay on understanding and integrating the resilience perspective for urban systems", Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, DOI:10.5565/rev/dag.175, vol. 58, no. 2,
pp. 287-306, 2012..##
[5] T. Mitchell, K. Harris, " Resilience: A risk management approach", Overseas Development  Institute, Pp. 1-7, 2012.##
[6] S. Maleki, M. Ārvin, S. Bazrafkan, “The role of good urban governance in the realization of the resilient city (A case study of Ahwāz city)”, Urban Planning Knowledge,
doi: 10.22124/upk.2019.12195.1162, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1-18, 2019. (In Persian),##
[7] R. Ghasemi, B. Omidvar, M. Behzadfar, “Study of the Effectiveness of "Technical-Physical" and "Socio-Economic" Strategies in Improving Urban Resilience against Earthquakes”, Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR), doi: 10.22059/jurbangeo.2019.278571.1080, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 99-114, 2020. (In Persian).##
 [8] R. David, K. Godschal, "Urbun Hazard Mitigation: creating resilient cities", Natural Hazards Review, vol.4, pp. 136-143, 2003.##
[9] S. Meerow, J. P. Newell, M. Stults, "Defining urban resilience: A review", ScienceDirect "Landscape and Urban Planning", http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011. vol. 147, Pp. 38-49, 2016.##
 [10] F. Kavoosi, A. Saberi, K. Rangzan, M. Hoseinzadeh, “Analyzing the Level of Risk in Urban Areas for Crisis Management After Earthquake Using FAHP method in GIS (Case study: 1th district of Ahvaz)”, Geography And Development Iranian Journal, 16(50), Pp. 161-180, 2018.
(In Persian). doi: 10.22111/gdij.2018.3571##
[11]  H. Hosseini Amini, H. Mousazadeh, A. Bakhshi, R. Sarli, “Measuring the Vulnerability of Urban Structures from the Point of View of Passive Defense during the Crisis (Case Study: Gomishan City)”, Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 14(2), Pp. 509-53, 2019. (In Persian).##
[12] H. FarajiSabokbar, M. Omidipoor, M. Modiri, A. Bastaminia, “Providing a model for zoning of Ahvaz City based on Sorting of alternatives by similarity to profile (SSP)”, Emergency Management, 3(2), pp. 45-5, 2015. (In Persian).##
[13] F. Fallahi, F. Charehjoo, “Evaluation and zoning of seismic vulnerability of Sanandaj city's worn out texture, with passive defense considerations, using the IHWP and GIS model”, Urban Structure and Function Studies, 6(21), Pp. 85-109, 2020. doi: 10.22080/shahr.2019.15970.1745. (In Persian).##
[14] M. Mohamadi Dehcheshmeh, S. Heydarinia, A. Shojaiian, “Measurement of critical land use in terms of passive defense in the metropolis of Ahvaz”, Human Geography Research, 49(4), Pp. 733-753, 2017. doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2016.56073 (In Persian).##
 [15]  M. Mohammadidehcheshmeh, “The Spatial Modeling of Proximity in Special Land Use from Passive Defense Point of View in Ahvaz Metropolis”, MJSP, 2015; 19 (2),pp: 211-236, 2017. (In Persian).    URL: http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-11104-fa.html##
 [16]  S. Herdarinia, R. Nazaripourdazaki, R. Moradpour, “Assessing Physical Vulnerability - Social City from the Perspective of Passive Defense (Case Study: Neighborhoods of Region One of Ahvaz Metropolis)”, Passive Defense, Volume 9, Number 1, Pp. 77-90, 2018. (In Persian).##
[17] B. Doustisabza, SH. Easalo, Y. Abdali, “Spatial Analysis of Structural- Physical Vulnerability of Residential Land use With Passive Defense Approach using GIS System (A Case Study: Ahvaz Zone 6)”, Passive Defense, 9(2), Pp. 37-48, 2018. (In Persian).##
[18] K. Hoseinzadehdalir, M. Mohammadian, R. Sardari, “A Review of the Concept of Urban Sustainability ", Quarterly Journal of Urban Design Studies and Urban Research, Second Year, No: 3, (6 in a row), Pp. 69-78, 2019. (In Persian).##
[19] M. Sharifzadegan, R. Ramezani, “The Measurement of Resilience and Its Distribution in Tehran Districts”, Soffeh, 30(2), Pp. 91-110, 2020. doi: 10.29252/soffeh.30.2.91(In Persian).##
[20] S. Maleki, S. Amanpour, A. Shojaeeyan, M. Razavii, “Surveying and Measuring the Physical and Social Resilience to Earthquakes (Case Study of Izeh City)”, Urban Structure and Function Studies, 7(22), Pp. 81-111, 2020. doi: 10.22080/usfs.2019.15917.1743. (In Persian). ##
[21] S. Tavalaie, A. Zanganeh, T. Parizadi, “Spatial analysis of the road network role in the city’s physical resiliency Case Study: District 1 of Tehran Municipality”, Urban Structure and Function Studies, 6(18), Pp. 33-55, 2019. (In Persian).   doi: 10.22080/shahr.2019.15108.1652##
[22]  D. Amanpoor, D. Mohamadi dehcheshmeh, A. Parviziyan, “Evaluation of Passive Defense Requirements in the Industrial Neighborhood (Case Study: Ahwaz Metropolis)”, Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 8(26), Pp. 217-244, 2018. doi: 10.22111/gaij.2018.3768 (In Persian).##
[23] M. Akhbari, M. Ahmadi Moghaddam, (2014). Passive Defense in Urban Management. Geopolitics, 10(34), Pp. 36-69. (In Persian).##
[24]  M. Ahhahverdi, "Land Management and Urban Management Based on the Principles of Passive Defense and Its Role in Urban Geopolitics", Urban Design Studies and Urban Research, Volume 3, Number 1, (10th consecutive), Volume One, Pp. 49-59, 2020. (In Persian).##
 [26] P. Ziviar, A. Rajabi, H. HosseiniAmini, "Urban Planning with Passive Defense Approach (Tehran Defense Planning) Tehran", Nashr-e-Entekh Publications, First Edition, 2016.(In Persian).##
 [26] Z. Adeli, B. Beyg babaye, N. Egbali, A. Hatami, “The evaluation of structure of Bonab city deploying SWOT”, Technique in line with passive defense factors planning. , 9(32), Pp. 151-167, 2016.  (In Persian).##
 [27] F. Salarisardari, A. Kiani, “Analysis of the Principles and Approaches of Passive Defense in Planning the use of Urban Lands”, Passive Defense, 9(2), Pp. 11-24, 2018.(In Persian).##
 [28] https://www.merriam-webster.com/ Date2012##
 [29] M. Farzad Behtash, M. Kinejad, M. Pir Babaei, A. Askari, "An Introduction to the Sufficiency of Islamic Cities", The First National Conference on Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz, (2011). (In Persian).##
[30] B. Sarkar, S. Ray, "a Framework to MEASURE Relative Performance of Indian Technical Institutions Using Integrated Fuzzy AHP and COPRAS Methodology", Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 46(3), Pp. 230-241, 2012.##
[31] M. Garcia-Melon, J. Ferris-Onate, J. Aznar- Bellver, P. Aragones-Beltran, R. Poveda-Bautista, "Farmland appraisal based on the analytic network process", Global optimization, vol. 42, Pp.143-155, 2008.##