خوشه بندی اماکن پُر ازدحام شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل

حقی, محمدرضا; حیدرزاده, احسان

خوشه بندی اماکن پُر ازدحام شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار شهرسازی، گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

² استادیار شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

چکیده

اگرچه در سالهای اخیر، موضوع پدافند غیرعامل به یکی از مباحث کلیدی در حوزه امنیت کشور تبدیل شده اما تا رسیدن به وضعیت مطلوب فاصله زیادی باقی مانده است. شهرها و بالأخص اماکن پرازدحام در آنها از محیطهایی هستند که به‌واسطه خیل عظیم جمعیت با تراکم بالا، همواره با تهدیدات متنوعی مواجه هستند. در حقیقت، دسترسی آزاد به اماکن پرازدحام، پتانسیل آسیبپذیری آنها را نسبت به مراکز نظامی و سیاسی به‌شدت افزایش میدهد؛ بنابراین اگر حمله نظامی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین تهدید مراکز نظامی و سیاسی تلقی میشود، برای اماکن پرازدحام شهری، تهدیدات می‌تواند حمله نظامی، بمبگذاری، حمله انتحاری، حمله با خودرو، گروگانگیری، حمله سایبری و... باشد. از همین رو، پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و مبتنی بر مطالعات اسنادی و روش دلفی سعی در شناسایی تهدیدات و سپس خوشهبندی انواع اماکن پرازدحام شهری دارد؛ لذا 23 نوع مکان پرازدحام در شهرها مشخص و میزان تأثیرپذیری آنها از انواع تهدیدات بر مبنای دریافت نظر گروه کارشناسی (25 کارشناس) مشخص شده است. در ادامه، دادهها بر اساس مدلهای تحلیل ناپارامتریک و آزمون ضریب کندال در محیط نرمافزار SPSS اعتبارسنجی شده و با روش خوشهبندی سلسلهمراتبی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتهاند. یافتهها نشان میدهد درصورتی‌که انواع مکانهای پرازدحام بر مبنای بیشترین مشابهت از نظر تهدیدات، خوشهبندی شوند، «ایستگاه راهآهن» و «فرودگاه» در یک خوشه با بالاترین آسیبپذیری قرار میگیرند. همچنین «ایستگاه مترو»، «پایانه مسافربری»، «حرم امامان/ امامزادهها»، «مصلی نماز جمعه» و «مسجد و حسینیه» در یک خوشه با آسیبپذیری نسبتاً زیاد قرار میگیرند. در خوشه سوم نیز «مسیرهای عزاداری و راهپیمایی»، «سالن اجتماعات»، «پاساژ/ فروشگاه بزرگ»، «استادیوم ورزشی» و «سینما و تئاتر» قرار میگیرند که با آسیبپذیری متوسطی همراه هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20086849.1401.13.4.6.5

عنوان مقاله [English]

Clustering of Crowded Urban Places from the Perspective of Passive Defence

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Reza Haghi ¹
ehsan heidarzadeh ²

¹ Assistant Professor in Urbanism, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

² urbanism department, faculty of art and architecture, persian gulf university, bushehr, iran

چکیده [English]

Although in recent years, the issue of passive defense has become one of the key issues in the field of national security, but there is still a long way to go to reach the desired situation. Cities, and especially crowded places, are one of the environments that are always faced with a variety of threats due to the large population with high density. In fact, open access to crowded places greatly increases their potential vulnerability to military and political centers. Although the military attack is considered as the most important threat to military and political centers, threats to crowded places are military attacks, bombings, suicide attacks, car attacks, hostage-taking, strikes and internal insurgency, cyber-attacks and etc. Therefore, the present study tries to analyze the vulnerability of various crowded places in a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary studies and Delphi method. In this regard, 23 types of crowded places in cities have been identified and the extent of their impact from various threats has been determined based on receiving the opinion of an expert group (25 experts). The data is validated based on nonparametric analysis models and Kendall coefficient test in SPSS software and analyzed by the Hierarchical Clustering method. The findings show that if crowded places are clustered based on the most similarity in terms of threats, the "railway station" and "airport" fall into one cluster with the highest vulnerability. Also, "Metro Station", "Passenger Terminal", "Shrine of Imams / Imamzadehs", "Jameh Mosque" and "Mosque and Hosseiniyah" are located in a cluster with relatively high vulnerability. In the third cluster exists "mourning and marching paths", "assembly hall", "passage / department store", "sports stadium" and "cinema and theater" which are associated with moderate vulnerability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Urban Spaces
Urban Planning
Passive Defence
Urban Threats
Citizen Security

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