ارائه راهکارهای پدافند غیرعامل در معماری مراکز درمانی (نمونه موردی: مرکز آموزشی درمانی شهید بهشتی قم)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه آزاد یدگار امام واحد شهر ری

چکیده

تدابیر پدافند غیرعامل در معماری و شهرسازی می‌تواند علاوه بر کاهش خسارات، تهدیدات انسان‌ساز مانند جنگ، در کاهش خطرپذیری در برابر انواع خطرات طبیعی نیز مؤثر باشد. مراکز درمانی و بهداشتی به‌عنوان یکی از نیازمندی‌های بنیادی و حیاتی در شرایط اضطراری باید به‌گونه‌ای طراحی و ساخته شود که استانداردهای تعریف‌شده امنیت در برابر حوادث و تهدیدات را شامل بوده و بتواند اهداف کلی پدافند غیرعامل را  محقق سازد. لازم است این مراکز، در شرایط اضطراری آسیب‌پذیری نداشته باشند یا بنا بر سطح عملکردی حداقل آسیب‌پذیری را  داشته باشد. درواقع  بیمارستان ایمن  نوعی پناهگاه درمانی است که شرایط بستری شدن و درمان را به‌ دور از تهدیدات بیرونی در هنگام بحران امکان‌پذیر می‌سازد. مرکز آموزشی پژوهشی درمانی شهید بهشتی قم بزرگ‌ترین مرکز درمانی استان قم است. لذا با توجه به‌ضرورت بازطراحی این بیمارستان و با توجه به اصول پدافند غیرعامل، در این بیمارستان موارد مورد نیاز طراحی دفاع غیرعامل بر پایه عواملی همانند مکان‌یابی، پراکندگی، استتار، استحکامات، تأسیسات، طراحی، قدرت مرمت‌پذیری و... مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و بر اساس اصول ارائه‌شده، راهکارهای مناسب در این جهت ارائه می‌شود. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی است و داده‌ها از منابع اسنادی، کتابخانه‌ای و مشاهدات میدانی به‌دست‌آمده‌اند. با استفاده از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، نشان می‌دهد که طراحی بیمارستان از نظر فرم ساختمان، مکان‌یابی، انبارهای اضطراری، دسترسی‌ها، هم‌جواری با فضاهای عمومی، پارکینگ با اصول پدافند غیرعامل هم‌خوانی دارد. همچنین، بیمارستان از نظر نما، پناهگاه امن، استتار و اختفا، طراحی فضای سبز و شاخص‌های ایمنی فاقد هم‌خوانی با اصول پدافند غیرعامل می‌باشد. می‌بایست تمامی اصول پدافند غیرعامل برای حفاظت از ساختمان‌ها با درجه اهمیت بالا در طراحی و اجرا موردتوجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Presenting Passive Defense Strategies in the Architecture of Medical Centers; Case Study: Shahid Beheshti Medical Training Center in Qom

نویسنده [English]

  • yousef esmaizadeh
چکیده [English]

In addition to reducing damage, passive defense measures in architecture and urban planning can also be useful in reducing the risk of natural hazards, such as war. Medical centers as one of the basic and vital needs in emergency situations should be designed and designed. Build security centers at a defined functional level in the face of accidents and threats, so that they can achieve the overall goals of passive defense, including continuing necessary activities and facilitating crisis management and promoting sustainability and sustainability at their operational level. The country's macro at various levels (national, provincial, city, city, etc.) can provide the required services in this field in emergency situations and these centers themselves are not vulnerable in emergency situations, or at least minimally vulnerable in terms of performance level. They exist. In fact, a safe hospital is a kind of medical shelter that makes hospitalization and treatment possible without external threats in times of crisis. Qom Shahid Beheshti Medical Research Center is the largest medical center in Qom province, so due to the need to redesign this hospital according to the principles of passive defense in this study, first the items needed for this design are mentioned and then this hospital in passive defense based on factors such as location. Distribution, camouflage, strengths, facilities, design, restorative power, etc. are reviewed and good solutions are provided in this regard. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data are obtained from documentary, library and field observations. The results show that the principles of passive defense in the building of Shahid Beheshti Medical Research Center have not been fully observed and should be redesigned. Build all the principles of passive defense.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Passive Defense
  • Medical Centers
  • Qom City
  • Hospital Design
  • Qom Shahid Beheshti Medical Center

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