منظر به مثابه معماری؛ رهیافتی نوین به سوی نجات‌بخشی معماری توسط منظر با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل

خاک‌زند, مهدی; جعفری خالدی, هانیه

منظر به مثابه معماری؛ رهیافتی نوین به سوی نجات‌بخشی معماری توسط منظر با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار گروه معماری (منظر) دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

² دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

عدم کارایی کامل جنگ‌افزارها در برابر حملات دشمنان موجب ایجاد رویکرد دفاع غیر عامل گردید. از طرفی، ارتباط تنگاتنگ محیط و کاربران موجب نقوذ سریع رویکرد پدافند غیر عامل به مباحث محیطی شد. این امر در حالی است که بسیاری از پژوهش‌های این حوزه به اصول طراحی معماری، ساختمان‌های با ضریب اهمیت بالا پرداخته‌اند. تا جایی که فقدان توجه به طراحی منظر در مقررات ملی ساختمان نیز وجود دارد، و با اغماض در بخش مختصری به طراحی محوطه پرداخته شده است. در صورتی که، معماری منظر می‌تواند پشتیبانی مؤثر در دفاع غیر عامل و کاهش صدمات و حمایت از کاربران در هنگام بروز سوانح باشد. پیش فرض این نوشتار این است که معماری منظر می‌تواند نجات‌بخش معماری و شهرسازی با رویکرد پدافند غیر عامل باشد. به بیانی، بهره‌گیری از اصول پدافند غیرعامل در طراحی منظر از جمله تمهیداتی است که بکارگیری آن در سطوح مختلف از برنامه‌ریزی تا طراحی می‌تواند موجب کاهش شدت و گستردگی خطرات ناشی از خطرات طبیعی و غیرطبیعی گردد. با این وجود، عمده مطالعات در این حیطه به معماری و شهرسازی اختصاص دارد و راهکارهای مؤثر در بکارگیری رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل در منظر مغفول مانده است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی، با رویکرد کیفی، و مبتنی بر مورد پژوهی و روش تحقیق استدلال منطقی در جهت پاسخ به این پرسش که: "چگونه منظر به مثابه معماری می‌تواند نجات‌بخش محیط ساخته شده باشد؟" نگاشته شده است. نتایج مطالعه حاضر، حاکی از آن است که اصول طراحی منظر تدافعی در دو بعد کلان (مقیاس فضایی، کاربری‌ها، تنوع کیفیات فضایی، جانمایی و موقعیت‌یابی) و خرد (عناصر مصنوع-مبلمان، متریال، عناصر طبیعی منظرین) قابل تبیین است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20086849.1402.14.2.8.0

عنوان مقاله [English]

Landscape as Architecture A New Approach to Saving Architecture by Landscape with a Passive Defense Approach

نویسندگان [English]

Mehdi Khakzand ¹
Hanieh Jafari Khaledi ²

¹ Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran

² PhD. candidate in Architecture at School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The complete ineffectiveness of weapons against enemy attacks led to the creation of a passive defense approach. On the other hand, the close relationship between the environment and users caused the rapid deterioration of the passive defense approach to environmental issues even though many studies in this field have dealt with the principles of architectural design, buildings with a high importance factor. To the extent that there is a lack of attention to landscape design in the national building regulations, the area design has been neglected in a brief section. In this case, landscape architecture can be practical support in passive defense, reduce injuries, and support users when accidents occur. This article assumes that landscape architecture can be the savior of architecture and urban planning with a passive defense approach. In other words, using the principles of passive defense in landscape design is one of the measures that can be used at different levels, from planning to design, to reduce the severity and extent of risks caused by natural and unnatural risks. Nevertheless, most of the studies in this field are dedicated to architecture and urban planning, and practical solutions in applying the passive defense approach have been neglected. Based on this, the current research is of applied type, with a qualitative approach, and based on the case study and logical reasoning research method to answer the question: "How landscape as architecture can save the built environment?" has been written. The results demonstrated that the principles of defensive landscape design could be explained in two macro dimensions (spatial scale, uses, diversity of spatial qualities, placement, and positioning) and micro dimensions (artificial elements-furniture, material, natural landscape elements).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Landscape as Architecture
Principles of Design
Defensive Landscape
Passive Defense

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