ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری مساکن شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

2 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

از گذشته‌های دور تاکنون مخاطرات محیطی (طبیعی و انسانی) اجزای جدایی‌ناپذیر زندگی انسان‌ها بوده­اند. شناخت عمیق حوزه‌ها و قلمروها و در نظر گرفتن تمهیدات لازم ما را در رویارویی با مخاطرات یاری می‌کند. اما مهم­ترین عاملی که در هنگام بروز حوادث طبیعی و انسانی، منجر به وقوع بحران می­شود، آسیب­پذیری کالبدی ابنیه است. آسـیب­پـذیری سکونتگاه­های ﺷﻬﺮﻱ، ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ بی‌دفاع، محلات ﻧﺎﺍﻣﻦ، ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻏﻠﻂ، ﻫﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در مقیاس شهری پدافند غیرعامل راهبردی برای کاهش آسیب‌پذیری و افزایش تاب‌آوری در برابر مخاطرات شامل طبیعی و انسان‌ساخت است. بنابراین هدف این تحقیق ارزیابی آسیب پذیری مساکن شهر مهاباد از منظر پدافند غیر عامل است. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزارهای GIS و Expert choice استفاده شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد بعد از مقایسه زوجی شاخص‌های تحقیق با مدل AHP، شاخص کیفیت ابنیه با وزن 137/0 بیشترین امتیاز را به خود اختصاص داده است. و شاخص‌های عمر ابنیه و سکونت غیرمعمول و کاربری های خطرزا به ترتیب 112/0 و 111/0 ، 101/0 در جایگاه‌های دوم و سوم و چهارم قرار گرفته است و در آخر هم معیار شیب زمین و عرض معابر با 022/0 قرار دارند. هندسه نامنظم بافت شهری مهاباد، رشد طبیعی شهر ، وجود اسکان­های غیر رسمی و بافت قدیم و فرسوده در بخش مرکزی شهر، وجود قطعات مسکونی با مساحت کمتر در بافت جنوبی و مرکزی شهر، زمینه‌های آسیب‌پذیری بافت شهری را میسر ساخته­اند و در صورت وقع بحران­های طبیعی و انسانی این بافت­ها بشدت آسیب خواهند دید و خسارات مالی و جانی زیادی را به بار خواهد آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Vulnerability of Urban Housing the Passive Defense approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • omid mobaraki 1
  • Marzieh Esmaeilpour 2
  • vahed ebrahimi 3
1 uNIVERSITY OF MARAGHEH
2 university of maragheh
3 university of maragheh
چکیده [English]

Since the distant past, environmental hazards (natural and human) have been integral parts of human life. Deep knowledge of areas and territories and considering the necessary arrangements helps us in facing risks. But the most important factor that leads to a crisis when natural and human disasters occur is the physical vulnerability of buildings. Vulnerability of urban settlements, defenseless spaces, unsafe neighborhoods, cities with wrong architecture, all of them are factors that threaten urban and social security. On the urban scale, passive defense is a strategy to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience against both natural and man-made hazards. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the vulnerability of the houses in Mahabad city from the point of view of non-active defense. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. GIS and Expert choice software were used for data analysis. The findings of the research show that after the pairwise comparison of the research indicators with the AHP model, the building quality index with a weight of 0.137. It has the most points. and indicators of building life and unusual habitation and hazardous uses respectively 0.112, 0.11 and 0.101 is placed in the second, third, and fourth places, and at the end, the slope of the land and the width of the roads are at the 0.022 The irregular geometry of the urban fabric of Mahabad, the natural growth of the city, the existence of informal settlements and old and worn-out fabric in the central part of the city, the presence of residential plots with a smaller area in the southern and central fabric of the city, have made possible the vulnerable areas of the urban fabric and in In the event of natural and human crises, these tissues will be severely damaged and will cause a lot of financial and human losses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vulnerability
  • Urban Housing
  • Passive Defense
  • Mahabad City

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